The objectives of this experiment were to determine interrelationships among mastitis indicators and evaluate the subclinical mastitis detection ability of infrared thermography (IRT) in comparison with the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Somatic cell count (SCC), CMT, and udder skin surface temperature (USST) data were compiled from 62 Brown Swiss dairy cows (days in milk=117+/-51, milk yield=14.7+/-5.2 kg; mean +/- SD). The CORR, REG, and NLIN procedures of Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) were employed to attain interrelationships among mastitis indicators. The diagnostic merit of IRT as an indirect measure of subclinical mastitis was compared with CMT using the receiver operating characteristics curves. The udder skin surface temperature was positively correlated with the CMT score (r=0.86) and SCC (r=0.73). There was an exponential increase in SCC (SCC, x10(3) cells/mL=22.35 x e(1.31 x CMT score); R(2)=0.98) and a linear increase in USST (USST, degrees C=33.45+1.08 x CMT score; R(2)=0.75) as the CMT score increased. As SCC increased, USST increased logarithmically [USST, degrees C=28.72+0.49 x ln(SCC, x10(3) cells/mL); R(2)=0.72]. The USST for healthy quarters (SCC 400,000 cells/mL; n=135) (mean +/- SE; 33.45+/-0.09 vs. 35.80+/-0.08 degrees C). The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 95.6, 93.6, 14.97, 0.05, 95.0, and 93.6, respectively, for IRT and 88.9, 98.9, 83.56, 0.11, 99.2, and 86.1, respectively, for CMT. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for IRT and CMT was not different. In conclusion, as a noninvasive and quick tool, IRT can be employed for screening subclinical mastitis via measuring USST, with a high predictive diagnostic ability similar to CMT when microbiological culturing is unavailable. However, the reliability of IRT among cows with different characteristics and those living under various environmental conditions remains to be determined.

Infrared thermography (IRT) absorbs infrared radiation and generates images based on the amount of heat generated. It has been used in human medicine for diagnosis of various cancers. This experiment was conducted to determine if IRT had merit for early detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Milk sample and skin surface temperature (SST) were simultaneously evaluated using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and IRT for each quarter in 94 dairy cows (49 Brown Swiss and 45 Holstein). Average days in milk (DIM) and milk production were 93 +/- 37 d and 16 +/- 2.2 kg (mean +/- SD) and their ages ranged from 4 to 8 yr. There was a strong correlation between SST and CMT score (r = 0.92). Average SST was 33.19, 34.08, 34.99, and 36.15 degrees C for quarters with the CMT score of 0 (n = 156), +1 (n = 116), +2 (n = 80), and +3 (n = 24), respectively. This association was best described by a linear model as follows: y = 0.94x + 33.17, R(2) = 0.85, where y = SST and x = CMT score. Changes in rectal temperature (RT) due to the CMT score were minor (y = 0.09x + 38.39, R(2) = 0.07, where y = RT and x = average CMT score). In conclusion, RT may not confirm mastitis. However, IRT is sensitive enough to perceive changes in SST in response to varying degrees of severity of the mammary gland infection as reflected by the CMT score, suggesting that as a noninvasive tool, IRT can be employed for screening dairy cows for mastitis.

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ZT combination did not have a significant effect on IOP in cats, when administered by IM or IN routes.

The aim of this research was to compare rectal, eye and ear temperature of 30 healthy Kangal dogs. Rectal temperature was measured by use of standard rectal digital thermometer. Right and left eye temperatures were detected by infrared thermal camera from the carancula lacrimalis region. Tympanic thermometer was used to determine right and left ear temperatures. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation test. The comparative analysis showed no significant differences between the measurement methods. Measuring of ear and eye temperature could be an alternative method to obtain body temperature in Kangal dogs. Keywords: Body temperature, Rectal temperature, Eye, Ear, Kangal dog Kangal Irkı Köpeklerde Kulak, Göz ve Rektal Isıların Karşılaştırılması ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı 30 sağlıklı kangal köpeğinin kulak, göz ve rektal ısılarını karşılaştırmaktı. Rektal ısı standart digital rektal termometre kullanılarak ölçüldü. Sağ ve sol göz ısısı carancula lacrimalis bölgesinden kızılötesi termal kamera ile belirlendi. Timpanik termometre sağ ve sol kulak ısı değerlerini belirlemede kullanıldı. Veriler Pearson korelasyon testi ile analiz edildi. Karşılaştırmalı analizler tüm metodlar arasında önemli bir farklılık olmadığını gösterdi. Kangal köpeklerinde kulak ve göz ısısının ölçülmesi, vücut ısısının belirlenmesi için alternatif bir yöntem olabilir.

Septic arthritis is defined as inflammation of a joint caused by various microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnosis and treatment characteristics of septic arthritis encountered in 82 calves. Fifty-eight cases were monoarthritis, and 24 cases were polyarthritis. Omphalitis was detected in 17 calves. Dorsal, medial and lateral thermograms of joints revealed hot points (n=82). In ultrasonographic examination, inflammatory effusions with different echogenity were seen. Widening of joint space (n=35) and new bone formation (n=42) were detected by radiography. Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Escherichia coli (83%) were commonly founded microorganisms. Medical treatment was successful in total of 59 calves (71.9%), 1 calf with polyarthritis and 58 calves with monoarthritis. Twenty-three calves were slaughtered because no clinical improvement was observed till the 14 day of treatment.Keywords: Calves, Septic arthritis, Thermography, Treatment. Septik Artritisli Yeni Doğan Buzağılarda Radyografik, Ultrasonografik ve Termografik Bulgular: 82 olgu (2006-2013)Öz: Septik arthritis birçok mikroorganizmanın neden olduğu bir eklem yangısıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı 82 buzağıda karşılaşılan septik artritisin tanı ve sağaltımını değerlendirmektir. Elli-sekiz olguda monoartritis, 24 olguda ise poliartritis görüldü. Omfalitis 17 buzağıda belirlendi. Alınan termogramlar ile eklemlerin dorsal, medial ve lateral yüzlerindeki sıcak noktalar (n=82) belirlendi. Ultrasonografik muayenede farklı ekojenitede yangısel effüzyonlar görüldü. Radyografide, eklem aralığının genişlemesi (n=35) ve yeni kemik formasyonları (n=42) belirlendi. Değerlendirilen eklemlerden en sık Arcanobacterium pyogenes ve Escherichia coli (83%) izole edildi. Medikal sağaltım, monoartritisli 58 buzağı ve poliartritisli 1 buzağı olmak üzere toplan 59 buzağıda (71.9%) başarılı oldu. Yirmi-üç buzağıda, sağaltımın 14. güne kadar klinik bir ilerleme olmadığından, bu olgular kesime sevk edildi.

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