Effects of intramuscular and intranasal administration of midazolam–dexmedetomidine on sedation and some cardiopulmonary variables in New Zealand White rabbits

Yanmaz, Latif Emrah; Okur, Sıtkıcan; Turgut, Ferda; BEDİR, Ayşe GÖLGELİ

doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2021.10.003

Cited by 7 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The sample size was determined using power analysis based on published data on the duration of sedative after intranasal and intramuscular administrations of dexmedetomidine and midazolam combination in NZW rabbits [40]: significance level = 0.01; power = 0.9; the number of groups = 4; effect size = 0.897. According to the power analysis, the total sample size for the four treatments was 32.…”

Section: Experiments Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rabbits, sedative and anesthetic drug combinations are intranasally administered in a total volume of 0.3-0.64 mL kg -1 using a catheter-tipped syringe [33,34,38,40]. According to Santangelo et al [34],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Yanmaz et al [40] reported that an intranasal combination of dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) and midazolam (2 mg/kg) (approximately 1.0 mL into each nostril) resulted in sedation within 2 min in eight healthy NZW rabbits; however, hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) progressively decreased over time and remained below 90% despite oxygen (≥2 L/min) administration. In these previous studies [33,34,40], it is likely that the large volume of intranasally administered drugs may have entered the trachea, causing rapid sedation and hypoxemia in rabbits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sedative effect of intranasal administration of medetomidine using a mucosal atomization device in Japanese White rabbits

Wei

Chen

Tamogi

et al. 2023

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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To prevent aspiration in Japanese White (JW) rabbits, the maximum single volume of medetomidine administered intranasally is 0.3 mL per nostril using a mucosal atomization device (MAD). This study aimed to examine the sedative effect of intranasal administration of medetomidine using MAD in eight healthy female JW rabbits. Each rabbit received intranasal atomization (INA) of saline (Control treatment) along with three doses of 1 mg/mL medetomidine (0.3 mL to one nostril [MED0.3 treatment]; 0.3 mL each to both nostrils [MED0.6 treatment]; 0.3 mL twice to both nostrils [MED1.2 treatment]), with a washout period of at least 7 days between treatments. The actual doses of medetomidine were 82 (75-84) μg/kg (median [interquartile range]), 163 (156-168) μg/kg, and 323 (295-343) μg/kg for the MED0.3, MED0.6, and MED1.2 treatments, respectively. A medetomidine-dose dependent sedative effect was detected, and the loss of righting reflex (LRR) was achieved in one rabbit at 18 min, seven rabbits at 11 (9-18) min, and eight rabbits at 7 (4-18) min after the MED0.3, MED0.6, and MED1.2 treatments, respectively. The LRR was maintained for 63 (29-71) min and 83 (68-101) min after the MED0.6 and MED1.2 treatments, respectively. Additionally, the INA of medetomidine produced a significant dose-dependent cardiorespiratory depression including a decrease in pulse rate, respiratory rate, percutaneous oxygen saturation, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen, and an increase in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the rabbits.

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Section: Experiments Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sedative effect of intranasal administration of medetomidine using a mucosal atomization device in Japanese White rabbits

Wei

Chen

Tamogi

et al. 2023

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Santangelo et al [19,20] reported that an IN combination of dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg), midazolam (2 mg/kg), and butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) (about 2.2 ml into one nostril) produced a deep sedation and analgesia within 5 min, corresponding with the peak plasma concentration of each drug, in eight healthy New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits, however, respiratory depression ensued, requiring oxygen supplementation during the anesthetic procedure. In addition, Yanmaz et al [24] reported that an IN combination of dexmedetomidine (0.1 mg/kg) and midazolam (2 mg/kg) (about 1.0 ml into each nostril) produced sedation within 2 min in eight healthy NZW rabbits. However, percutaneous peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) progressively decreased over time and continued to show less than 90% despite oxygen delivery ( ≥ 2 l/min) in front of the animal's nares.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, percutaneous peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) progressively decreased over time and continued to show less than 90% despite oxygen delivery ( ≥ 2 l/min) in front of the animal's nares. In these studies [19,20,24], it is speculated that a part of IN administered drug solution might flow into the trachea due to its large volume, causing rapid sedation and hypoxemia in rabbits. Weiland et al [22] reported that an IN combination of medetomidine (0.2 mg/kg) with ketamine (10 mg/kg) or S(+)-ketamine (5 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) (about 0.6 ml per nostril) provided effective induction of anesthesia for isoflurane anesthesia in 83 healthy young adult NZW rabbits but led to two fatalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum volume of nasal administration using a mucosal atomization device without aspiration in Japanese White rabbits

Wei

Hori

Chen

et al. 2022

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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Recently, a mucosal atomization device (MAD) has been applied in veterinary medicine. In the present study, the maximum volume of nasal atomization without aspiration using MAD was examined in eight healthy female Japanese White (JW) rabbits. Each rabbit had their head and neck examined by computed tomography before and after nasal atomization with four different doses (0.15, 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 ml per nostril) of diluted contrast medium (1:2 mixture of iohexol and saline). This was done under general anesthesia by an intramuscular administration of alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg, medetomidine 40 μg/kg, and butorphanol 0.4 mg/kg, with a 7-day washout period between each treatment. The diluted contrast medium was distributed in the nasal cavity, external nares, and/or oral cavity in all rabbits receiving each treatment. The intranasal distribution volumes of the contrast medium were 287 (250-333) mm 3 [median (interquartile range)] for 0.15 ml, 433 (243-555) mm 3 for 0.3 ml, 552 (356-797) mm 3 for 0.45 ml, and 529 (356-722) mm 3 for 0.6 ml of treatment. The intranasal distribution volume for 0.15 ml treatment tended to be lower than that for 0.6 ml treatment (P = 0.083).The contrast medium was deposited in the trachea in one rabbit (12.5%) and four rabbits (50%) receiving treatments of 0.45 and 0.6 ml per nostril, respectively. The maximum volume of nasal atomization without aspiration into the trachea was 0.3 ml per nostril for the JW rabbits.

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Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of intranasal butorphanol with midazolam or dexmedetomidine in New Zealand white rabbits

et al. 2023

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Background: This study aimed to compare the sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of intranasal (IN) administration of dexmedetomidine-butorphanol (DB) and midazolam-butorphanol (MB) combinations in New Zealand white rabbits. Methods: Eight New Zealand white rabbits were sedated by IN administration of a combination of 0.1 mg/kg dexmedetomidine and 0.4 mg/kg butorphanol (DB treatment) and 2 mg/kg midazolam and 0.4 mg/kg butorphanol (MB treatment). The electrocardiogram, pulse rate (PR), respiratory frequency (f R ), arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ), fraction of expired carbon dioxide (EtCO 2 ), rectal temperature (RT), noninvasive mean arterial pressure (MAP), noninvasive systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) were recorded. The onset of sedation, duration of sedation and sedation score (SS) were also noted. Results: There were no significant differences in the EtCO 2 , RT, MAP, SAP and DAP measurements between treatments. The PR significantly decreased in DB compared with MB over time (p = 0.001). Compared with baseline, SpO 2 decreased over time in both treatments. The SS was significantly elevated over time in DB compared with MB (p = 0.002). Limitations: No pharmacokinetic information was available for either treatment, so the findings should be interpreted cautiously. Conclusions: IN DB provides more effective sedation than MB, but cardiopulmonary impairment was observed in both treatments.

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Effects of intramuscular and intranasal administration of midazolam–dexmedetomidine on sedation and some cardiopulmonary variables in New Zealand White rabbits

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

The sedative effect of intranasal administration of medetomidine using a mucosal atomization device in Japanese White rabbits

The sedative effect of intranasal administration of medetomidine using a mucosal atomization device in Japanese White rabbits

Maximum volume of nasal administration using a mucosal atomization device without aspiration in Japanese White rabbits

Sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of intranasal butorphanol with midazolam or dexmedetomidine in New Zealand white rabbits

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