Football is one of the sports with the highest risk of injury, with injuries to children around 3% per year with serious injuries occurring at only 0.69% per year. The objective of the study is to investigate the application of FIFA 11+ Kids in minimizing sports injuries in youth football through enhancement components of physical condition, namely, leg muscle power and muscle flexibility. This study is an quasi-experimental research by using a pre-test - post-test control group design. The sample in this study are 20 people, divided into control and treatment groups. In this study, the sample is determined using a purposive sampling technique, with the following inclusion criteria: 1) male, 2) 11-12 years old, 3) practicing football regularly, 3) willing to be a research sample. In contrast, the criteria exclusion is experienced injured and unwilling to be a research sample. The distribution of control and treatment groups using matching subject ABBA technique. Instruments used in this research are the standing broad jump test to measure leg muscle power and sit and reach test to measure muscle flexibility. The data analysis is a t-test regression analysis with a level of 5% significance. This study found that the application of FIFA 11+ Kids can be used as a method to minimize sports injuries in youth football. The limitation of this study is that the sample is limited to only 20 children. This research is important because it contributes to the science of football coaching in terms of preventing injuries to children. Future research is expected to thoroughly examine the components of other physical conditions related to injury prevention, and use a larger sample from various age groups of soccer school students.
Objective
Calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CRLR) regulates vasoconstriction and dilatation; the expression increases during hypoxia via activation of hypoxia response element (HRE) in CRLR gene promoter region. Variant in HRE, as well short tandem repeat (STR) variants near HRE in CRLR alters the gene expression. This study focused on a case–control study to investigate the expression of genetic typing CLRL promoter variant in pregnant women with severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancies, we also tried to describe interesting findings of the genetic expression in anemic patients in the severe preeclampsia group. Our aimed to observe the correlation of CRLR gene promoter variant and anemia in severe preeclampsia.
Results
There was no nucleotide variant in HRE; CACA box prior to HRE varied in length (15–24); CACA box with length > 20 was used as cut off point. Hb was lower in CACA box length ≥ 21 (10.33 ± 1.57) vs. < 21 (11.01 ± 1.67; p = 0.391). CACA box polymorphism and anemia were correlated in severe preeclampsia (p = 0.005) OR 0.038 (CI 0.003–0.544); not in normal (p = 0.069).
Carbapenemase enzymes play the most important role in the existence of CRE (Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae). VIM is one of the carbapenemase enzymes encoded by the blaVIM gene. The genes which are partially located in genetic mobile elements may facilitate the spread of the resistance to other bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the blaVIM gene in CRE isolated from infected patients in dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. This descriptive observational laboratory study using 709 samples of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from various specimens of infected patients at dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang during the September-November period which would be identified as CRE using Vitek 2 Compact. 21 isolates which have been identified by CRE was taken by purposive sampling method to detect blaVIM gene with conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product was electrophoresed and visualized to see a single 390bp DNA band. Out of 709 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 88 (12.4%) isolates were identified as CRE. Only 21 isolates of CRE performed PCR. Three (14.3%) isolates carrying the blaVIM gene which found in Enterobacter sp. (N=2; 66.7%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=1; 33.3%). In this study 14.3%, Enterobacteriaceae with CRE phenotype has blaVIM gene genotype.
AbstrakMethicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) merupakan salah satu galur multiresisten yang menjadi masalah kesehatan global sejak 50 tahun terakhir. Secara genetik, resistensi MRSA didasari adanya insersi mecDNA atau Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) pada kromosom S. aureus. Sejauh ini telah diidentifikasi 5 tipe SCCmec, yaitu SCCmec tipe I-V yang berasal dari isolat di seluruh dunia. Akhir-akhir ini ditemukan perubahan pola penyebaran, pola kepekaan terhadap antimikrob, dan perubahan kandungan SCCmec. Oleh karena itu identifikasi SCCmec menjadi demikian penting untuk mengetahui adanya perubahan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tipe SCCmec dari isolat MRSA yang diperoleh di rumah sakit.
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