To develop a wearable multi-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) measuring system, we fabricated the electrodes and wires by using electrostatic flocking technology on a textile. By using this technology, it was possible to fabricate many electrodes and wires, simultaneously. Also the flocked electrodes and wires had stretchability and washing resistance properties. To use dry electrodes, it is important to reduce the influence of motion artifacts (MAs). The results of the experiment with the skin phantom revealed that the contact pressure between the skin and the electrode is an important factor in MA reduction. Then, we conducted experiments with a human body to determine the relationship between the contact pressure and the MAs. Under the pressures of 200 Pa and 500 Pa, MAs were observed. Meanwhile, under the pressures of 1000 Pa, 2000Pa and 4000 Pa, the ECG signals under rest and deep breathing conditions were able to be measured without MAs. Considering the comfortability, the contact pressure from 1000 Pa to 2000 is preferable. Finally, we fabricated the wearable ECG measuring system and succeeded in measuring 18-lead ECG signals. The measured ECG waveform is in good agreement with the ECG waveform measured by a commercial system.
Photochemical artificial nitrogen cycle was reported to produce dinitrogen and dihydrogen by photodecomposing ammonia with platinized TiO2, and its application to a photofuel cell with a nanoporous TiO2 film electrode, a new concept of a fuel cell to photochemically produce electricity and H2 from ammonia, was proposed.
In this study, we propose a triaxial force measurement sensor probe with piezoresistors fabricated via sidewall doping using rapid thermal diffusion. The device was developed as a tool for measuring micronewton-level forces as vector quantities. The device consists of a 15 µm thick cantilever, two sensing beams and four wiring beams. The length and width of the cantilever are 1240 µm and 140 µm, respectively, with a beam span of 1200 µm and a width of 10–15 µm. The piezoresistors are formed at the root of the cantilever and the sidewalls of the two sensing beams. The sensor spring constants for each axis were measured at kx = 1.5 N m−1, ky = 3.5 N m−1 and kz = 0.64 N m−1. We confirmed that our device was capable of measuring triaxial forces with a minimum detectable force at the submicronewton level.
We report the resonant frequency measurement of few-layer (1-, 2-, and 3-layer) graphene (FLG) cantilevers by optical heterodyne interferometry. The micro-sized FLG cantilevers with and without the diamond-like carbon weights were fabricated using focused ion beam. The Young's modulus was able to be calculated from the measured resonant frequency. The calculated Young's modulus was larger than the literature data [1]. This result suggests that the overlapped structure of the FLG cantilever makes the structure rigid.
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