No abstract

No abstract

In the present study, phytochemical investigation of the young leaves of Eremurus spectabilis let to the isolation six compounds (1-6). Their structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the literature data. All compounds were isolated for the first time from E. spectabilis. Isolated compounds and prepared extracts did not show cytotoxic activity against HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma), A-549 (Human alveolar adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma), mPANC96 (Human pancreas adenocarcinoma), U87MG (Glioblastoma), PC3 (Prostate), CaCo-2 (Colon), HEK293 (Human embryonic kidney cells) cell lines. RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage cell lines) was used to determine the inhibition levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).The hexane extract was found to be active in terms of inhibition of iNOS (IC: 25 μg/ml).

No abstract

The new compound 2-O-β-D-fructofuranosylglycerol was isolated from the hexane residue. Also 2-O-methylα-fructofuranoside was isolated for the first time from the fruits of Pyrus amygdaliformis Vill. The chemical structure of isolated carbohydrates were identified using NMR, Mass spectroscopic technique and literature data. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of P.amygdaliformis Vill. Hexane, dichloromethane and butanol extracts of fruits were used for the test microorganisms. Hexane extract showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Salmonella typhimurium with MIC range between 25 -0.39 mg/ml. The most sensitive strain was found to be Klebsiella pneumoniae with MIC value at 0.39 mg/ml in Hexane extract.

No abstract

UDC 547.972 Daucus carota L. ssp. carota, wild carrot, belongs to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae). It is a tall robust biennial spiny-fruited herb that grows in dried-out fields [1]. It is indigenous to Europe and has antibacterial, stumulant [2], antisteroidogenic [3], anti-flammatory [4], antiseptic, carminative, diuretic, and hepatoprotective properties [5]. Chemical studies on the seed oil and the root of Daucus carota L. have revealed a variety of chemical counstituents such as daucane-type sesquiterpenes [6-9], flavonoids [10], polyacetylenes [11], fatty oils [12], β-carotene [13], and essential oil [14].The dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract of the flowers of Daucus carota L. was partitioned between water and n-butanol. The n-butanol soluble portion was subjected to successive column chromatographic separations using silica gel to afford compounds 2-5. The water soluble fraction give compound 1. Identification of compounds 1-5 was performed using 1D ( 1 H, 13 C)-2D NMR (HMBC, HMQC, COSY), LC/MS-APCI, and literature data.Compound 1 was obtained as a white amorphous solid from the water soluble fraction. The positive LC/MS-APCI spectrum of 1 showed a molecular ion peak at m/z 183.10 [M+H] + corresponding to the molecular formula C 6 H 14 O 6 . The main fragment peaks were recorded at m/z [M-OH] + 165.10 and m/z [M-CH=OH] + 152.10. The 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra revealed signals for eight aliphatic hydrogens at δ H 3.62 (2H), 3.71 (4H), and 3.77 (2H) and three carbons at δ C 63.51, 69.65, and 71.28. The melting point of compound 1 was not identified (decomposed above 149°C). The melting point of the acetylated derivative 1a was found to be 121°C. The 1 H NMR spectrum of 1a showed signals at δ H 5.42 (2H, d, J = 8.0 Hz), 5.06 (2H, m), 4.21 (2H, dd, J = 2.8, 2.8 Hz), 4.06

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) inhibitory, and antioxidant activity in order to assess the traditional usage of Liquidambar orientalis Mill resin extract.Methods: Different solvent extracts of Liquidambar orientalis Mill resin were prepared. The cytotoxicity of extracts was determined using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)- 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide) assay. HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma), A-549 (Human alveolar adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (Human breast adenocarcinoma), CaCo-2 (Human colon colorectal adenocarcinoma), mPANC96 (Human pancreas adenocarcinoma), PC-3 (Human prostate adenocarcinoma), U87MG (Human glioblastoma- astrocytoma) and as a normal cell line HEK293 (Human embryonic kidney cells) and Vero (African green monkey kidney epithelial cells) were used for testing cytotoxicity. RAW 264.7 (murine macrophage cell lines) was used to determine the inhibition levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukemia) was used to determine antioxidant activity as DCF production per cent.Results: Hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and water extracts were prepared, and their iNOS inhibitory, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity were investigated. The estimated IC50 values of extracts varied from 6.68 to 48.90 μg/ ml after treatment with different doses of extracts for 48 h. Inhibition of the hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, and water extracts on LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophage were showed that the all extracts inhibited NO production in activated RAW 264.7 cells, except methanol extract. Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts inhibited NO production with ICConclusion: This study is the first report showing the potential of Liquidambar orientalis Mill resin extracts for cytotoxicity, iNOS inhibition and the antioxidant activity as an alternative therapeutic approach for traditional uses. The results demonstrated that Liquidambar orientalis dichloromethane resin extracts showed strongest cytotoxic effect while all extracts except methanolic extracts exhibited moderate iNOS inhibition. All extracts other than hexane have a potent antioxidant effect in the cellular-based assay. In conclusion, further studies should focus on the purification of the active components of this extracts and to investigate the possible mode of action to obtain a better understanding of their potential use as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents.