The present findings suggest that OSAS may have an increasing effect on salivary IL-6 and IL-33 concentrations regardless of OSAS severity. Additional investigation is required to elucidate a potential bidirectional relationship between OSAS and periodontal disease.

No abstract

To evaluate clinical outcomes and effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on serum, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in chronic periodontitis patients with/without rheumatoid arthritis (RA), fifteen RA patients with chronic periodontitis (RA-P) and 15 systemically healthy non-RA chronic periodontitis patients (H-P) were recruited. Clinical periodontal recordings, GCF, and blood samples were obtained at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after periodontal treatment. GCF, serum IL-1β, TNF-α levels were analyzed by ELISA. Disease activity score 28 (DAS28) was used to assess RA clinical morbidity. Study groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Wilcoxon test was used to compare the data at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after periodontal therapy within the same group. DAS28 decreased significantly after periodontal therapy in RA-P group (p < 0.01). Serum TNF-α concentrations of H-P group were significantly higher than those of RA-P group (p < 0.01), whereas IL-1β levels were similar. No significant change was observed in serum levels of these cytokines after periodontal therapy. GCF IL-1β amounts decreased significantly in both groups following treatment (p < 0.01). At 6-months, H-P GCF IL-1β concentrations were significantly lower than baseline. DAS28 and GCF IL-1β correlated with clinical periodontal indices (p < 0.01). Significant decreases in DAS28 and GCF IL-1β amounts after periodontal treatment suggest that periodontal therapy synergizes with systemic RA therapy to improve RA status.

No abstract

Within the limits of the present study, it may be suggested that an elevated salivary IL-18 level in untreated nonsmoker chronic periodontitis patients has the potential to be a biomarker for periodontal tissue destruction.

The essential oils (EOs) were isolated by hydrodistillation from wild and cultivated Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia—mastic gum tree (Anacardiaceae) from two natural habitats, namely from Cesme–Uzunkoy (1) and Mordogan (2), and one cultivated source, Cesme–Germiyan (3), in Izmir, Turkey. This comparative study evaluated the chemical composition and biological activity of mastic gum essential oils (MGEOs). For this purpose, MGEOs 1–3 were analyzed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection (GC-FID), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and chiral GC for α-pinene. Laboratory assays were conducted to assess for potential in vitro cytotoxicity (multiple in vitro cancer cell lines), antimicrobial properties (five bacterial species and yeast), anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase, iNOS), and the attraction of Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly, medfly), respectively. Chemical analysis indicated that MGEOs 1 and 2 were rich in α-pinene (56.2% and 51.9%), myrcene (20.1% and 18.6%), and β-pinene (2.7% and 3.1%), respectively; whereas MGEO-3 was characterized by a high level of α-pinene (70.8%), followed by β-pinene (5.7%) and myrcene (2.5%). Chiral GC analyses showed that concentration ratios between (−)/(+)-α-pinene and (−)-α-pinene/myrcene allowed for differentiation between wild and cultivated MGEO sources. In biological assays, MGEOs 1–3 did not exhibit significant antimicrobial effects against the pathogens evaluated and were not strong attractants of male medflies; however, all three MGEOs displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of iNOS, and MGEOs 1 and 2 exhibited selective in vitro cytotoxicity against human cancer cells. These results suggest that wild-type mastic gum oils from Cesme and Mordogan (MGEOs 1 and 2) are potential sources of beneficial products and warrant further investigation.

The present study suggests that changes in the sex steroid hormones during menstrual cycles might have a limited effect on the inflammatory status of gingiva, but GCF cytokine levels were not affected.

It may be suggested that PTX3 is related with periodontal tissue inflammation. Its salivary concentrations may have a diagnostic potential. Additional intervention and follow-up studies coupling PTX3 concentrations with microbiologic analysis would better clarify its role in periodontal diseases.