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Spontaneous retrobulbar hemorrhage is a rare yet vision-threatening condition. We reported a 5-month-old male infant with sudden onset of left eye proptosis with no prior history of getting vitamin K injection after birth. Head computed tomography scan revealed retrobulbar and intracranial hemorrhages. Laboratory results showed anemia, prolonged prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, supporting the diagnosis of vitamin K deficiency bleeding. After the bleeding and clotting profile were stabilized, lateral canthotomy and cantholysis; and drainage following orbital decompression were successfully performed, yielded in a completely resolved proptosis. The right timing for surgery with the goal of releasing intraorbital pressure represent the merit of this paper. Our case also led to a crucial emphasis on vitamin K prophylaxis at birth.

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Background Leprosy continues to be a health problem in Indonesia, with incidence reaching over 10,000 new cases by 2021. Leprosy-related disabilities cause limitation of patients’ activity and participation in social activities. To date, no studies have been conducted in Indonesia which investigates disability in terms of bodily function, structure impairment, limitations in performing daily activities, and restrictions in participation in social activities in leprosy patients. This study is aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics that might affect functional activity limitations of leprosy patients in endemic areas in Indonesia. Methods and findings A cross-sectional study was conducted on 267 retrospectively-diagnosed cases of leprosy. The Screening of Activity Limitation and Safety Awareness (SALSA) scale was used to measure functional activity limitation, which comprises five domains: vision, mobility, self-care, work with hands, and dexterity. Differences among variables were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. The mean age of participants was 51.89±13.66 years, the majority of which were men (62.5%), uneducated (48.3%), and classified as type 2 in the World Health Organization (WHO) disability grading for hands and feet (66.3% and 68.2%, respectively). Assessment using the SALSA Scale showed 28.5% of subjects were without limitation, 43.8% with mild limitation, 13.5% with moderate limitation, 9.4% with severe limitation, and 4.9% with extreme limitation. Significant differences in the total SALSA Scale were found between age groups (p = 0.014), educational level (p = 0.005), occupation (p<0.001), and WHO disability grades (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the most significant factor influencing the total score of SALSA was disability grading for feet (score = 0.31, p <0.001) followed by occupational status, disability grading for eyes, and age. Limitation of functional activity was significantly correlated to becoming unemployed with the odds 2.59. Conclusion People affected by leprosy are prone to have functional activity limitation, especially the elderly, uneducated, unemployed and those with multiple disabilities. If they can overcome their barriers in functional activities, they will have better occupational opportunities.

To examine the demographics and outcome of management in patients admitted with sports-related eye injuries in one of Jakarta's eye hospitals. Methods: Retrospective analysis 24 patients who admitted to a tertiary eye hospital in Jakarta with sportsrelated eye injuries between 2014 to 2019 was conducted. Standard descriptive statistical methods were used for analysis. Results: Out of 534 patients admitted to our hospital with ocular trauma between 2014 to 2019, 24 patients (4.5%) had sport-related eye injuries. Most patients were male (17/24, 70.8%), below 25 years old (18/24, 75%) and students (7/24, 29.2%) by occupation. The most common cause of injury was badminton (9/24, 37.5%) followed by ball games (6/24, 25%) and fishing (3/24, 12.5%). Most patients suffered from closed globe injuries (16/24, 66.7%). Anterior segment of the eye was mostly involved (16/24, 66.7%) with hyphema being the most common clinical presentation (11/24, 45.8%), followed by palpebrae edema (5/24, 20.8%). Patients were mostly admitted with moderate visual impairment (14/24, 58.3%). Most patients were managed by medical treatment (16/24, 66.7%) while those with more severe presentations underwent surgeries (7/24, 29.2%). Complications such as secondary glaucoma (1/24, 4.2%) and graft-rejection (1/24, 4.2%) were recorded. Conclusion:The incidence of sports-related eye injuries increases every year. Badminton was responsible for the most cases of sports-related eye injuries. These injuries could result in severe complications. Protective eyewear could prevent these injuries.