To examine the demographics and outcome of management in patients admitted with sports-related eye injuries in one of Jakarta's eye hospitals. Methods: Retrospective analysis 24 patients who admitted to a tertiary eye hospital in Jakarta with sportsrelated eye injuries between 2014 to 2019 was conducted. Standard descriptive statistical methods were used for analysis. Results: Out of 534 patients admitted to our hospital with ocular trauma between 2014 to 2019, 24 patients (4.5%) had sport-related eye injuries. Most patients were male (17/24, 70.8%), below 25 years old (18/24, 75%) and students (7/24, 29.2%) by occupation. The most common cause of injury was badminton (9/24, 37.5%) followed by ball games (6/24, 25%) and fishing (3/24, 12.5%). Most patients suffered from closed globe injuries (16/24, 66.7%). Anterior segment of the eye was mostly involved (16/24, 66.7%) with hyphema being the most common clinical presentation (11/24, 45.8%), followed by palpebrae edema (5/24, 20.8%). Patients were mostly admitted with moderate visual impairment (14/24, 58.3%). Most patients were managed by medical treatment (16/24, 66.7%) while those with more severe presentations underwent surgeries (7/24, 29.2%). Complications such as secondary glaucoma (1/24, 4.2%) and graft-rejection (1/24, 4.2%) were recorded. Conclusion:The incidence of sports-related eye injuries increases every year. Badminton was responsible for the most cases of sports-related eye injuries. These injuries could result in severe complications. Protective eyewear could prevent these injuries.

Open globe injury is an injury that requires prompt treatment which could predict the final outcome. This study evaluates the characteristics and outcome of corneal rupture management in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital’s emergency room. We conducted a retrospective study based on the patient’s medical record between January 2016 – December 2017. Data regarding patients’ demographic, clinical characteristics according to Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology Score (BETTS) criteria, duration of trauma to surgery, use of early topical steroid, one month visual function result, and risk of endophthalmitis were collected. A repeated ANOVA test with posthoc Bonferroni was used to compare the mean of a paired numeric variable. A total of 163 patients with corneal rupture were recorded, consisted of mostly male (92%) and median age of 27 years old. We found 36.8% cases occurred in the household, 71% cases in the zone I, 62.6% penetrating cases, and mostly came with 4/200-light perception visual acuity (VA) for all zones, mostly caused by inorganic materials and 50.9% cases involved lens. Endophthalmitis was higher in inorganic causes (69.2% vs 30.8%, p=0.33). A total of 95.2% of cases performed surgical treatment in < 24 hours. In post-operative follow up, 53.3% of cases did not need re-operation or proceeding surgery. Several risk factors might affect the treatment outcome of eye injury. Most rupture occurred at zone I. Administration of topical steroids directly post-surgery was not associated with the incidence of endophthalmitis.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety between tacrolimus, cyclosporine ointment and anti-histamine as single therapy for allergic conjunctivitis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, clinicalkey.com and ophtalmologyadvance.com databases. All studies included were interventional or observational reporting the efficacy of tacrolimus, cyclosporine, and antihistamine as monotherapy for all types allergic conjunctivitis. Outcome of this review included number of resolution, duration to resolution, recurrence and complications. Result: Eighteen studies were included in this study. Males predominated, with overall ratio ±2:1 compared to female. Most studies use objective signs and subjective symptom scoring before treatment, during follow up and after treatment for outcome measurement. In the antihistamine group, there was a decrease in itching and redness scores of about 33-75%, especially Bepostatinebesilate solution at a concentration of 1.5% Improvement in conjunctival hyperemia and complete resolution of papillary hypertrophy reported in tacrolimus and cyclosporine group, more than 50% reduction on symptoms and signs severity was found in all patients on tacrolimus and cyclosporine group. Conclusion: Tacrolimus and cyclosporine clinically improved allergic conjunctivitis. Topical cyclosporine and tacrolimus were suggested to be an effective and safe alternative therapy for resistant allergic conjunctivitis.