Latar belakang. Perkembangan dasar yang terjadi pada masa balita akan memengaruhi dan menentukan perkembangan anak selanjutnya. Status gizi dan stimulasi merupakan dua faktor yang memengaruhi tumbuh kembang balita. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan status gizi dan stimulasi tumbuh kembang dengan perkembangan anak Balita di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB).Metode. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari–April 2018. Sampel dipilih secara simple random sampling sebanyak 114 subjek penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan regresi logistik.Hasil. Berdasarkan hasil analisis multivariat antara status gizi (TB/U) dan stimulasi tumbuh kembang dengan perkembangan didapatkan hasil (b=1,68; IK95%:1,10-2,57; p=0,016) untuk status gizi dan (b=3,48; IK95%:1,42-8,52; p=0,006) untuk stimulasi tumbuh kembang. Kesimpulan. Balita dengan perawakan normal memiliki peluang 1,6 kali mengalami perkembangan yang sesuai dibandingkan anak dengan perawakan pendek dan sangat pendek (stunting). Balita yang mendapatkan stimulasi tumbuh kembang sering memiliki peluang 3,4 kali mengalami perkembangan yang sesuai dibandingkan dengan anak yang mendapatkan stimulasi jarang.

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the primary causes of infant mortality. It shares 27% of infant mortality rate (IMR). The Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey in 2007 reported that the IMR was 34 deaths per 1,000 live births. As much as 30.3% of this rate was accounted by LBW. As such LBW is an important global public health issue. Countries around the world have committed to overcome this problem. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal education, psychosocial stress, nutritional status at pregnancy, and family income, on birth weight. Subjects and Method:This was an observational analytic study with case control design. The study was conducted in Ngetos community health center, Nganjuk, East Java, from May to June, 2017. A total sample of 120 were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, comprising 40 infants with low birth weight and 80 infants with normal birth weight. The dependent variable was birth weight. The independent variables were maternal education, psychosocial stress, nutritional status at pregnancy (middle-upper arm circumference, MUAC), maternal anemia, and family income. MUAC was measured by MUAC measuring tape. Hemoglobin concentration was measured by Sahli meter. Psychosocial stress was measured by Holmes and Rahe stress scale. The other variables were measured by a set of questionnaire. Path analysis was used for data analysis. Results: MUAC ≥23.5 cm(b= -0.80, SE= 0.57; p=0.064), hemoglobin concentration ≥11 g/dL (b= -120.16, SE= 45.14, p=0.008), and low psychosocial stress (b= -0.80, SE= 0.57, p=0.164)directly and negatively affected low birth weight. Maternal education ≥Senior High School(b= 1.28, SE = 0.056, p= 0.022), psychosocial stress (b= -0.001, SE<0.001, p=0.097), and family income (b= 0.97, SE= 0.46, p=0.036) positively affected MUAC. MUAC ≥23.5 cm positively affected hemoglobin concentration ≥11 g/dL (b= 0.19, SE = 20.84, p<0.001). Conclusion: MUAC, hemoglobin concentration, and low psychosocial stress directly and negatively affect low birth weight.

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Background: Cervix cancer has been one of the highest cancer cases and becomes one of the main problems in women's health throughout the world. The percentage of Women of Reproductive Age who performs early cancer detection is an indicator of success for health development. The Regency of Karanganyar is one of the regencies in the Province of Central Java with the percentage of Women of Reproductive Age who perform Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (IVA) is equal to 5.50%. This percentage is still far below the target that has been set which is 10.00%. Subjects and Methods:This was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. This study was carried out in Regency of Karanganyar. The subjects who had been involved were 150 respondents and these subjects were selected by means of fixed disease sampling. This sampling resulted in 50 cases and 100 controls. The dependent variable was behavior of using IVA screening, while the independent variables were perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived obstacles, husband's support, health workers support, peer support, perceived threats and self-efficacy. In processing the data, the researchers implemented path analysis by means of Stata 13. Results:The results of the study showed perceived threats (b= 0.08; 95% CI= <0.01 until 0.16; p= 0.043), perceived benefits (b= 0.05; 95% CI= <-0.01 until 0.117; p= 0.091), perceived obstacles (b= -0.49; 95% CI= -0.07 until 0.11; p= 0.091), self-efficacy (b= 0.04; 95% CI= -0.13 until 0.11; p= 0.125), perceived susceptibility (b= 0.23; 95% CI= 0.11-0.34; p <0.001), perceived seriousness (b= 0.11; CI9 95%= 0.00 until 0.22; p= 0.049), husband's support (b= 0.14; 95% CI= -0.01 until 0.29; p=0.068), health workers support (b= -0.23; 95% CI=-0.54 until 0.08; p= 0.149) and peer support (b= 0.18; 95% CI= -0.13 until 0.51; p= 0.256). Conclusion: There is a direct influence from perceived benefits, perceived obstacles, perceived threats and self-efficacy toward behavior of using IVA screening. Then, there is indirect influence from perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, husband's support, health workers support and peer support toward behavior of using IVA screening.

Background: Stunting remains a challenging global health issue. It is estimated by Global Nutrition Report that 155 million children were stunted in 2017. Stunting is associated with an underdeveloped brain, with long-lasting harmful consequences, including diminished mental ability and learning capacity, poor school performance in childhood, reduced earnings and increased risks of nutrition-related chronic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity in future. This study aimed to examine the determinants of stunting in children under five in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Subjects and Method:This was an analytic observational study with a case control design. The study was carried out in 31 posyandus (integrated family health posts) in East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, from April to May 2018.A sample of 186 children was selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was stunting. The independent variables were low birthweight (LBW), birth length, exclusive breastfeeding, history of infection disease, maternal age at pregnancy, maternal middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), and family income. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multilevel logistic regression run in Stata 13. Results: The risk of stunting increased with LBW (b= 3.51; 95% CI= -0.28 to 7.31; p= 0.069), maternal age at pregnancy <20 or ≥35 years (b= 2.73; 95% CI= 0.38 to 5.42; p=0.047), andhistory of infectious disease (b= 3.70; 95% CI= 0.84 to 6.56; p=0.011). The risk of stunting reduced with high family income (b= -2.15; 95% CI= -4.37 to 0.61; p=0.057), birth length (b= -4.17; 95% CI= -7.42 to -0.91; p=0.012), exclusive breastfeeding (b= -3.24; 95% CI= -5.63to -0.85; p=0.008), and maternal MUAC ≥23.5cm (b= -4.53; 95% CI= -8.09to -0.97; p=0.013). Posyandu had a contextual effect on the incidence of child stunting with ICC= 15.00%. Conclusion:The risk of stunting increases with LBW, maternal age at pregnancy <20 or ≥35 years, and history of infectious disease. The risk of stunting reduces with high family income, birth length, exclusive breastfeeding, and maternal MUAC. Posyandu has a contextual effect on the incidence of child stunting.

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Background: Globally it was estimated approximately 156 millions (23%) children are stunted. The prevalence of stunting in children is 29% in Indonesia, which is the highest rate in South East-Asian countries. Stunting may cause delayed mental development and low intellectual capacity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary intake and social economic factors on the risk of stunting in primary school children in Surakarta, Central Java. Subjects and Method:This was an analytic observational study using cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from February to March 2017. A sample of 145 primary school children was selected for this study by multi-stage random sampling. The independent variables were energy intake, protein intake, maternal education, maternal employment status, and family income. The dependent variable was stunting. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and antropometry. The data were analyzed by path analysis. Results: Stunting was affected by energy intake (b= 0.02; SE<0.01; p<0.001), protein intake (b= 0.02; SE= 0.01; p<0.001), maternal education (b= 0.23; SE= 0.18; p= 0.187), family income (b= 0.01; SE= 0.01; p= 0.051). Energy intake was affected by maternal education (b=9.56; SE=32.55; p=0.770), and family income (b=1.81; SE=0.91; p=0.005). Protein intake was affected by maternal education (b=1.75; SE=2.67; p=0.051), maternal employment status (b=-2.30; SE=2.36; p=0.330), and family income (b=0.12; SE=0.08; p=0.110).