There is increasing interest for chemiluminescence (CL) detection with the characteristics of simplicity, low cost and high sensitivity, especially wide application of enhancersin CL detection to increased signals, prolonged luminescence time and enhanced intensity. In this review, the applications of primary enhancers and secondary enhancers were mainly described in the horseradish peroxidase-luminol system of CL enzyme immunoassay for light delay in the course of the reaction with improved sensitivity. The present review on enhancers covers the papers since 1983. Future research needs to develop novel enhancers with less interference and better performance. With wide utilization of enhancers in the CL system, the CL immunodetection technology showed a good potential and wide development prospects in food and medicine fields.
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a typical example of a widespread fatal cardiovascular disease. Accumulation of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the artery wall forms the starting point of AS. Increased influx of oxidized low-density lipoprotein to macrophages and decreased efflux of free cholesterol out of macrophages constitute major factors promoting the development of AS. Inflammation further aggravates the development of AS along or via interaction with the cholesterol metabolism. Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are related to the regulation of macrophage in AS in aspects of cholesterol metabolism and inflammation signaling. Dietary compounds perform AS inhibitory effects via miRNAs in the cholesterol metabolism (miR-19b, miR-378, miR-10b, miR-33a, and miR-33b) and two miRNAs in the inflammation signaling (miR-155 and miR-146a). The targeted miRNAs in the cholesterol metabolism vary greatly among different food compounds; however, in inflammation signaling, most food compounds target miR-155. Many receptors are involved in macrophages via miRNAs, including ABCA1 and ABCG1 as major receptors in the cholesterol metabolism, while nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Nrf2 signaling and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways are targeted during inflammation. This article reviews current literature to investigate possible AS therapy with dietary compounds via targeting miRNAs. Currently existing problems were also discussed to guide further studies.
Background
The incidence of Gitelman syndrome (GS) has been increasing in our hospital. The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic accuracy and features of
SLC12A3
gene in Chinese patients with GS.
Material/Methods
We searched the literature about Chinese patients with GS in the PubMed database up to July 2018 and also included 8 GS Chinese patients from our hospital in our analysis that explored the features of
SLC12A3
gene. We divided all the patients into 3 groups according to diagnostic consensus. Complete compliance was defined to mean containing 2 allelic mutations, partial compliance to mean one allelic mutation, and clinical compliance to mean no mutations.
Results
Totally, 137 patients were enrolled in this study and 90 mutations were counted. Missense mutations accounted for over 72% in Chinese GS patients and the most common one was Thr60Met. According to the consensus, there were 102 patients (74.5%) in the complete compliance group, 31 patients (22.6%) in the partial compliance group, and only 4 patients (2.9%) in the clinical compliance group.
Conclusions
The
SLC12A3
gene analysis in Chinese GS patients revealed that the most common mutation was Thr60Met, one of the missense mutations. Most of the patients were in the complete compliance group (i.e., 2 allelic mutations); the other cases might be explained by gene rearrangement.
A competitive sensitive bio-barcode immunoassay based
on bimetallic
nanozyme (Au@Pt: gold@platinum) catalysis has been designed for the
detection of the pesticide parathion. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were
modified with single-stranded thiol oligonucleotides (ssDNAs) and
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to form AuNP probes; magnetic nanoparticles
(MNPs) were coated with ovalbumin (OVA)–parathion haptens as
MNP probes, and bimetallic nanozyme (Au@Pt) nanoparticles functionalized
with the complementary thiolated ssDNA were used as Au@Pt probes.
The Au@Pt probes reacted with the AuNP probes through complementary
base pairing. Further, parathion competed with MNP probes to bind
the mAbs on the AuNP probes. Finally, the complex system was separated
by a magnetic field. The released Au@Pt probes catalyzed a chromogenic
system consisting of teramethylbenzidine (TMB). The bimetallic nanozyme-based
bio-barcode immunoassay was performed on rice, pear, apple, and cabbage
samples to verify the feasibility of the method. The immunoassay exhibited
a linear response from 0.01 to 40 μg·kg–1, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 2.13 × 10–3 μg·kg–1. The recoveries and relative
standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 73.12 to 116.29% and 5.59 to
10.87%, respectively. The method was found to correlate well with
data obtained by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
(LC–MS/MS). In conclusion, this method exhibits potential as
a sensitive alternative method for the detection of a variety of pesticides,
ensuring the safety of fruits and vegetables in agriculture.
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