The increase in energy demand caused by industrialization leads to abundant CO 2 emissions into atmosphere and induces abrupt rise in earth temperature. It is vital to acquire relatively simple and cost-effective technologies to separate CO 2 from the flue gas and reduce its environmental impact. Solid adsorption is now considered an economic and least interfering way to capture CO 2 , in that it can accomplish the goal of small energy penalty and few modifications to power plants. In this regard, we attempt to review the CO 2 adsorption performances of several types of solid adsorbents, including zeolites, clays, activated carbons, alkali metal oxides and carbonates, silica materials, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and polymerized high internal phase emulsions. These solid adsorbents have been assessed in their CO 2 adsorption capacities along with other important parameters including adsorption kinetics, effect of water, recycling stability and regenerability. In particular, the superior properties of adsorbents enhanced by impregnating or grafting amine groups have been discussed for developing applicable candidates for industrial CO 2 capture.
Since their recent discovery, the prevalence of novel feline enteric viruses, including feline bocavirus 1 (FBoV-1), feline astrovirus (FeAstV), and feline kobuvirus (FeKoV), has been reported in China. Co-infections of these viruses with feline parvovirus (FPV) are common causes of diarrhea in cats. Viral co-infections are difficult to identify because of their non-specific clinical signs. To detect and identify these viruses, a quick and specific pathogen-testing approach is required. Here, we establish a real-time PCR (qPCR) based on multiple TaqMan probes for the simultaneous detection of FBoV-1, FeAstV, FeKoV, and FPV. Specific primers and TaqMan fluorescent probes were designed to ensure specificity. The results showed that the detection limit of single qPCR was up to 10 copies, and the detection limit of multiplex qPCR was up to 100 copies, with correlation coefficients >0.995 in all cases. Clinical sample detection revealed a 25.19% (34/135) total rate of co-infection among the viruses and a 1.48% (2/135) quadruple infection rate. Thus, this multiplex qPCR approach can serve as a quick, sensitive, and specific diagnostic tool for FBoV-1, FeAstV, FeKoV, and FPV identification, and it may be utilized for routine surveillance of these emerging and reemerging feline enteric viruses.
Semantic annotation on natural language texts labels the meaning of an annotated element in specific contexts, and thus is an essential procedure for domain knowledge acquisition. An extensible and coherent annotation method is crucial for knowledge engineers to reduce human efforts to keep annotations consistent. This article proposes a comprehensive semantic annotation approach supported by a user-oriented markup language named UOML to enhance annotation efficiency with the aim of building a high quality knowledge base. UOML is operable by human annotators and convertible to formal knowledge representation languages. A pattern-based annotation conversion method named PAC is further proposed for knowledge exchange by utilizing automatic pattern learning. We designed and implemented a semantic annotation platform Annotation Assistant to test the effectiveness of the approach. By applying this platform in a long-term international research project for more than three years aiming at high quality knowledge acquisition from a classical Chinese poetry corpus containing 52,621 Chinese characters, we effectively acquired 150,624 qualified annotations. Our test shows that the approach has improved operational efficiency by 56.8%, on average, compared with text-based manual annotation. By using UOML, PAC achieved a conversion error ratio of 0.2% on average, significantly improving the annotation consistency compared with baseline annotations. The results indicate the approach is feasible for practical use in knowledge acquisition and conversion.
At the Magnetic field condition, the surface quality of formed parts can be improved significantly. To investigate the technical advantages of Magnetorheological (MR) fluid as a soft media, eliminate the defects of the parts because of the complex deformation, such as wrinkling, cracking, and over thinning. A new method of sheet deep drawing forming with MR fluid through inverse bulging pre-forming was proposed, which has made the wall thickness distribution more uniform and changed the stress distribution of sheet by changing the rheological property of MR fluid. The theoretical pressure transfer model of MR fluid as media and the configuration model of inverse bulging pre-forming are established. It can be concluded that the relationship between bulge height and load time have been shown consistency compared with experimental results and agree well with the theoretical analysis. And the configuration model have shown good agreement from the experiments results and the numerical results espectively with theoretical results. The uniformity of the wall thickness and the surface quality of the deep-drawn parts are improved significantly with the increase of the inverse bulging height. When the inverse bulging height is about 9 mm, the pre-forming effect is optimal, which provides theoretical guidance and is of much potential to the forming of the and thin-walled complex parts in industry fields.
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