Mutations in the proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) are associated with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) and several other paroxysmal neurological diseases, but the PRRT2 function and pathogenic mechanisms remain largely obscure. Here we show that PRRT2 is a presynaptic protein that interacts with components of the SNARE complex and downregulates its formation. Loss-of-function mutant mice showed PKD-like phenotypes triggered by generalized seizures, hyperthermia, or optogenetic stimulation of the cerebellum. Mutant mice with specific PRRT2 deletion in cerebellar granule cells (GCs) recapitulate the behavioral phenotypes seen in Prrt2-null mice. Furthermore, recording made in cerebellar slices showed that optogenetic stimulation of GCs results in transient elevation followed by suppression of Purkinje cell firing. The anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine used in PKD treatment also relieved PKD-like behaviors in mutant mice. Together, our findings identify PRRT2 as a novel regulator of the SNARE complex and provide a circuit mechanism underlying the PRRT2-related behaviors.

An environmentally benign transparent photochromic film, 1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[2H-indole-2,3'-[3H]-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine] (SPO) /gamma-cyclodextrin (gamma-CD), was prepared using the cast-coating method, and the nanocavity effect of gamma-CD on the photochromism of SPO was studied. The film mainly consists of the inclusion complex SPO@gamma-CD, which has been verified by EA, TGA, XRD, MS, and ICD to comprise a 1:1 host-guest stoichiometry. The film shows normal photochromism. The decoloration of photomerocyanine (PMC) fits biexponential decay: PMCs located in the cavity of gamma-CD decay with a rate constant of 6.0 x 10(-2) s(-1), which is nearly one order faster than those PMCs outside of the cavity.

In this study, we intend to solve the problem of the low glass transition temperature (T g ) and the high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) that colorless polyimide (PI) films always exhibit. First, we copolymerized 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4,4′-diamine (TFDB) with 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and p-phthaloyl chloride (TPC) and obtained a series of transparent and colorless films (PAI-10). These PAI films showed a high T g of 346−362 °C and a low CTE of 25.2−62.9 ppm/K, which were better than those of PI 6FDA-TFDB . Subsequently, three rigid diamines, p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA), 5-amino-2-(4-aminophenyl)benzoxazole (DAPBO) and 5-amino-2-(4-aminophenyl)benzimidazole (DAPBI), were used to replace 10% of the TFDB (PAI-9P-5, PAI-9O-5, and PAI-9I-5, respectively) to investigate the effect of the rigid structure on the thermal and optical properties. The results showed that rigid structures can greatly improve the thermal properties but impair transparency to some extent. Among these, PAI-9O-5 possessed the best performance with T 430 of 81.9%, T g of 364 °C, and CTE of 19.8 ppm/K. Furthermore, we fabricated an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with PAI-9O-5 as the substrate. The flexible and bendable OLED@PAI-9O-5 showed typical green emission at 520 nm, a turn-on voltage of 2.9 V, a luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 at 5 V, a current efficiency (CE) of 2.53 cd/A, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.81%, which were comparable to those of devices fabricated on conventional glass substrates.

We report the edge-defined-film-fed (EFG)-grown β-Ga2O3-based Schottky photodiodes. The device has a reverse leakage current of ∼nA and a rectified ratio of ∼104 at ± 5 V. In addition, the photodiode detector shows a dark current of 0.3 pA, a photo-responsivity (R) of 2.875 mA/W, a special detectivity (D *) of 1010 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 1.4% at zero bias, illustrating a self-powered operation. This work may advance the development of the Ga2O3-based Schottky diode solar-blind photodetectors.

The nanoparticles of a spirooxazine (SPO) and its photomerocyanine (PMC) were prepared through the reprecipitation method. Two distinct features were observed. One is that the decaying lifetime for PMC nanoparticles was 600 times of that for the dispersed molecules, and the other is that the fluorescence intensity of SPO nanoparticles was enhanced by 240 times of that of the dispersed monomer.

Si-doped β-Ga2O3 films are fabricated through metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Solar-blind ultraviolet (UV) photodetector (PD) based on the films is fabricated by standard photolithography, and the photodetection properties are investigated. The results show that the photocurrent increases to 11.2 mA under 200 μW⋅cm−2 254 nm illumination and ± 20 V bias, leading to photo-responsivity as high as 788 A⋅W−1. The Si-doped β-Ga2O3-based PD is promised to perform solar-blind photodetection with high performance.