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Agrivoltaic systems, which consist of the combination of energy production by means of photovoltaic systems and agricultural production in the same area, have emerged as a promising solution to the constraints related to the reduction in cultivated areas due to solar panels used in agricultural production systems. They also enable optimization of land use and reduction in conflicts over land access, in order to meet the increasing demand for agricultural products and energy resulting from rapid population growth. However, the selected installation configurations, such as elevation, spacing, tilt, and choice of panel technology used, can have a negative impact on agricultural and/or energy production. Thus, this paper addresses the need for a review that provides a clear explanation of agrivoltaics, including the factors that impact agricultural and energy production in agrivoltaic systems, types of panel configurations and technologies to optimize these systems, and a synthesis of modelling studies which have already been conducted in this area. Several studies have been carried out in this field to find the appropriate mounting height and spacing of the solar panels that optimize crop yields, as this later can be reduced by the shade created with the solar panels on the plants. It was reported that yields have been reduced by 62% to 3% for more than 80% of the tested crops. To this end, an optimization model can be developed to determine the optimal elevation, spacing, and tilt angle of the solar panels. This model would take into account factors that influence crop growth and yield, as well as factors that affect the performance of the photovoltaic system, with the goal of maximizing both crop yield and energy production.

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In this work, a hybrid algorithm of Levenberg-Marquardt and empiric analytic method is proposed to solve the recurring convergence problem that occurs during the module parameters extraction with the iterative method. The proposed method aims to avoid divergence and a long computation time due to the improper initial value. Elsewhere, LTSpice photovoltaic cell model is developed to simulate the extracted parameters in sub-Saharan outdoor conditions. The LTSpice model with it virtual component is expected to facilitate the understanding photovoltaic module behavior under these conditions. Measurements performed with VSP50P-12V polycrystalline module and compared to simulation results show the accuracy of the hybrid method and the ease of LTSpice model. The hybrid algorithm with RMSE value of 0.9% while correlation one is greater than 97% for simulated irradiation is more accurate than the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.