No abstract

Women with recurrent miscarriage (RM) often have abnormal NK cell activity. Uterine NK cells produce angiogenic factors and various interleukins. Human endometrium that expresses a variety of angiogenic growth factors and cytokines (NK-cell) may play a critical role in the abnormal endometrial angiogenesis which affect both conception and fetal development. Women with RM also have intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) after conception. It has been shown 12-15% of women in their initial stage of pregnancies miscarry. The occurrence of miscarriage is known as having three or more continues miscarriage. This percentage is from 0.3 to 0.8% of all diagnosed pregnancies. Recurrent miscarriages have multiple aetiology. In this review article we will discuss a number of factors that may link to pregnancy complication. We focus on endometrial angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), human endothelium expresses messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA) encoding VEGF-C, placenta growth factor (PlGF). The angiopoietins 1,2 and receptor for VEGF-A, VEGF-C, PIGF. The role of NK-cell, Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15 that may lead to up-regulation of VEGF-C and Ang-2 in secretory endometrium.

This case-controlled clinical trial was performed on the salivary 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Subjects (N = 40) with periodontitis (smokers and non-smokers) and with clinically healthy conditions (smokers and non-smokers) were assigned to this study. At baseline, clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth and clinical attachment levels) were evaluated. Saliva samples were obtained pre-and post-treatment to quantify the 8-OHdG levels using Elisa technique. Subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis with smoking habit (CPs) and non-smokers (CPns) received scaling and root planing. In clinically healthy subjects with smoking habit (CHs) and non-smokers (CHns), only oral hygiene tutoring was performed. All clinical measurements and salivary collection were repeated in a 3-month recall interval. Data were analyzed using Anova, Tukey post hoc test and Mann-Whitney 'U' tests (P < 0.05). At baseline, CPs and CPns groups showed significantly higher PI, GI, PD and CAL values than those of CHns and CHs (P < 0.001). Baseline salivary levels of 8-OHdG were significantly higher in CPs group (14.775 pg/mL) (P < 0.001) compared to the other groups. All clinical parameters in chronic periodontitis group improved at the 3rd month recall interval, however, with regards to 8-OHdG values, the CP smoker category still had a higher level compared to CP nonsmoker. This study reflects an on-going periodontal destructive status in smokers and salivary 8-OHdG levels could be recognized as an oxidative biomarker for determining periodontal tissue destruction.

No abstract

No abstract

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract of Bixa orellana on the liver enzymes such as AST, ALT and ALP and also to evaluate the efficacy of the extract for the protection of the renal function in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods: Diabetes was induced by administering streptozotocin dissolved in saline while the normal control group was given propylene glycol. Diabetes induced animals were randomly assigned into different groups. Blood samples were collected from all the control and experimental group. Estimation of urea, uric acid and creatinine as well as the liver enzymes such as AST, ALT and ALP were assayed. These estimations were carried out on day 30 only. Results:The 30 days treatment with the aqueous extract (200 mg/kg body weight) showed no statistical significance with respect to urea and uric acid but there was statistical significance in the levels of creatinine which is an indicator of glomerular filtration rate. The alteration in the levels of ALT and ALP were highly significant statistically but no changes observed in the level of AST. Conclusion:The employed dose of the extract is nontoxic to the kidney and it even caused a significant decrease in level of liver enzymes when diabetic induced rat subjected to treatment hence this may indicate the hepatoprotective properties of this extract.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies recognized. Biomarkers which can predict presence of cancer and its progression can help in better management of these disorders. Over production of lipid peroxidation byproducts and disturbances in antioxidant defense system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases including oral cancer. Studies have shown a correlation of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with tumourigenesis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Earlier we have observed a significant elevation in plasma BChE and protein thiols in oral cancer patients which correlated well with stages of cancer. As it was not clear whether the above markers will be altered in saliva of oral cancer patients this study was undertaken. Institutional Ethics Committee gave permission to carry out this study. Total of 55 subjects comprising healthy controls (n = 30) and biopsy proven oral cancer patients (n = 25) consented to participate in this study. Salivary samples from cases were taken before any definitive treatment. Protein thiols and BChE were estimated in salivary samples using validated assay methods. Oral cancer patients had a significant increase in pre-treatment salivary BChE levels (p B 0.001) and a significant decrease (p B 0.001) in salivary thiols as compared to respective values in controls. Salivary protein thiols and BChE may have a role in pathophysiology of oral cancer. Saliva can be used as a potential non-invasive screening tool in oral cancer patients.

No abstract