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Background: Physical inactivity and an imbalanced diet could lead to some cardio metabolic risk factors. Objective: The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of lifestyle modification on inflammatory indicators and waist circumference (WC) in overweight/obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) Data sources: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Study selection: The selection criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of lifestyle interventions on inflammation and WC from inception to 20 December 2020. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between interventions were computed using a random or fixed-effects model. Results: Six RCTs (including 1246 MS patients who had, on average, overweight/obesity) met all inclusion criteria. Interventions lasted 6 to 12 months (2–5 sessions per week). Lifestyle intervention significantly reduced C-reactive protein (WMD: −0.52 mg/ml, 95% CI: −0.72, −0.33), IL-6 (WMD: −0.50 pg/ml, 95% CI: −0.56, −0.45), and increased adiponectin (WMD: 0.81 µg/ml, 95% CI, 0.64, 0.98). Moreover, lifestyle modification significantly decreased WC (WMD: −3.12 cm, 95% CI, −4.61, −1.62). Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence that lifestyle alterations, including physical activity and diet, can lead to significant improvement in abdominal obesity, measured by WC and some inflammation markers among overweight/obese individuals with MS. Further high-quality research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the effect of such interventions on this population’s inflammatory markers.

Context: In many societies, although chronic low back pain (LBP) is a significant problem, there is no consensus on the optimal therapeutic intervention. Objective: To compare the impact of aquatic exercise (AE) and kinesio taping (KT) on the pain intensity and functional incapacity in women with chronic nonspecific LBP. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient clinic. Participants: Thirty-six women with chronic nonspecific LBP (mean [SD]: age = 50.69 [4.187] y) participated. Interventions: Participants randomly assigned to AE (n = 12), KT (n = 12), and nontreatment control (n = 12) groups for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures: Pain intensity and functional disability were evaluated at baseline and the end of the intervention. Results: Pain intensity decreased more in the AE group than in the KT group (5.9–0.5 cm [91.6% decrease] vs 5.7–2.4 cm [58.1% decrease], respectively; P < .001 for both after Bonferroni post hoc test); the values decreased more in the 2 treatment groups than in the control group (P < .001 for between-group comparisons). Disability decreased more in the AE group (43.2%–18.8% [55.6% decrease]) than the KT group (37.8%–19.3% [48.3% decrease]) (P < .001 for both comparisons), but increased in the control group (38.7%–41.2% [6.5% increase]; P = .045). Conclusion: These results suggest AE and KT treatment methods provide pain intensity and disability improvements in women with chronic nonspecific LBP. Nevertheless, AE was more effective than KT.

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