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Changes and progresses in information technologies have played an important role in the development of intelligent vehicle systems in recent years. Driver fatigue is an important factor in vehicle accidents. For this reason, traffic accidents involving driver fatigue and driver carelessness have been followed by researchers. In this article, a Multi-tasking Convulational Neural Network (ConNN *) model is proposed to detect driver drowsiness/fatigue. Eye and mouth characteristics are utilized for driver's behavior model. Changes to these characteristics are used to monitor driver fatigue. With the proposed Multi-task ConNN model, unlike the studies in the literature, both mouth and eye information are classified into a single model at the same time. Driver fatigue is determined by calculating eyes' closure duration/Percentage of eye closure (PERCLOS) and yawning frequency/frequency of mouth (FOM). In this study, the fatigue degree of the driver is divided into 3 classes. The proposed model achieved 98.81% fatigue detection on YawdDD and NthuDDD dataset. The success of the model is presented comparatively. INDEX TERMS Convolutional neural network, driver fatigue detection, PERCLOS, FOM. * Convulational Neural Network has been abbreviated as ConNN, not CNN or CoNN, CNN has been used as the abbreviation of Celluar Neural Network and CoNN has been used as the abbreviation of Cooperative neural networks in the leterature as a long time. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Zahid Akhtar .

This study presents a nonlinear systems and function learning by using wavelet network. Wavelet networks are as neural network for training and structural approach. But, training algorithms of wavelet networks is required a smaller number of iterations when the compared with neural networks. Gaussianbased mother wavelet function is used as an activation function. Wavelet networks have three main parameters; dilation, translation, and connection parameters (weights). Initial values of these parameters are randomly selected. They are optimized during training (learning) phase. Because of random selection of all initial values, it may not be suitable for process modeling. Because wavelet functions are rapidly vanishing functions. For this reason heuristic procedure has been used. In this study serial-parallel identification model has been applied to system modeling. This structure does not utilize feedback. Real system outputs have been exercised for prediction of the future system outputs. So that stability and approximation of the network is guaranteed. Gradient methods have been applied for parameters updating with momentum term. Quadratic cost function is used for error minimization. Three example problems have been examined in the simulation. They are static nonlinear functions and discrete dynamic nonlinear system.

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Intelligent systems cover a wide range of technologies related to hard sciences, such as modeling and control theory, and soft sciences, such as the artificial intelligence (AI). Intelligent systems, including neural networks (NNs), fuzzy logic (FL), and wavelet techniques, utilize the concepts of biological systems and human cognitive capabilities. These three systems have been recognized as a robust and attractive alternative to the some of the classical modeling and control methods. The application of classical NNs, FL, and wavelet technology to dynamic system modeling and control has been constrained by the non-dynamic nature of their popular architectures. The major drawbacks of these architectures are the curse of dimensionality, such as the requirement of too many parameters in NNs, the use of large rule bases in FL, the large number of wavelets, and the long training times, etc. These problems can be overcome with dynamic network structures, referred to as dynamic neural networks (DNNs), dynamic fuzzy networks (DFNs), and dynamic wavelet networks (DWNs), which have unconstrained connectivity and dynamic neural, fuzzy, and wavelet processing units, called ''neurons'', ''feurons'', and ''wavelons'', respectively. The structure of dynamic networks are based on Hopfield networks. Here, we present a comparative study of DNNs, DFNs, and DWNs for non-linear dynamical system modeling. All three dynamic networks have a lag dynamic, an activation function, and interconnection weights. The network weights are adjusted using fast training (optimization) algorithms (quasiNewton methods). Also, it has been shown that all dynamic networks can be effectively used in non-linear system modeling, and that DWNs result in the best capacity. But all networks have non-linearity properties in non-linear systems. In this study, all dynamic networks are considered as a non-linear optimization with dynamic equality constraints for non-linear system modeling. They encapsulate and generalize the target trajectories. The adjoint theory, whose computational complexity is significantly less than the direct method, has been used in the training of the networks. The updating of weights (identification of network parameters) is based on Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno method. First, phase portrait examples are given. From this, it has been shown that they have oscillatory and chaotic properties. A dynamical system with discrete events is modeled using the above network structure. There is a localization property at discrete event instants for time and frequency in this example.