Biology and demographic statistics of lady beetle Coccinella transversalis Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) using Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as prey was studied in laboratory. Development of C. transversalis from egg to adult was 31.02±4.73 days. The egg stage lasted for 2.33±0.58 days. Larva stage has four instars, which lasted for 2.43±0.19 days (instar I); 2.53 days±0.19 (instar II); 2.64±0.04 days (instar III), and 2.77±0.21 days (instar IV). A female laid 90.44±14.38 eggs. Meanwhile, gross reproduction rate (GRR) of C. transversalis was 74.80 individuals per generation, the net reproduction rate (R0) was 18.22 individual per female per generation, the innate capacity for increase (rm) was 0.46 individual female per day, the mean generation time (T) 12.40 days, and the double population value (DT) was 1.51 days. IntisariMasa perkembangan pradewasa dan imago serta keperidian Coccinella transversalis (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) telah diteliti di laboratorium dengan menggunakan Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) sebagai mangsa. Masa perkembangan C. transversalis sejak stadium telur hingga menjadi imago adalah 31,02±4,73 hari. Perkembangan larva terdiri dari empat instar, masa perkembangan instar I sampai IV berturut-turut adalah 2,43±0,19 hari; 2,53±0,19 hari; 2,64±0,04 hari, dan 2,77±0,21 hari, dengan masa pupa 3,18±0,77 hari. Umur imago betina C. transversalis lebih panjang jika dibandingkan dengan imago jantan yakni 15,14±1,90 dan 13,63±1,00 hari. Imago betina meletakkan telur setelah melewati masa pra oviposisi selama 2,67±0,58 hari. Masa oviposisi C. transversalis yakni 8,97±0,89 hari dengan jumlah telur yang diletakkan yakni 90,44±14,38 butir. Parameter demografi C. transversalis adalah laju reproduksi kotor (GRR) adalah 74,80 individu per generasi; laju reproduksi bersih (Ro) 18,22 individu per induk per generasi; laju pertumbuhan intrinsik (rm) sebesar 0,46 individu per induk per hari; masa rata-rata generasi (T) selama 12,40 hari; dan nilai pelipatgandaan populasi (DT) adalah 1,51 hari.
Ekosistem perkebunan kelapa sawit terdiri dari berbagai jenis paku-pakuan, gulma, rerumputan dan serangga yang membentuk suatu ekosistem yang kompleks. Serangga dari golongan Formicidae merupakan aspek yang menarik untuk dikaji salah satunya yaitu semut. Pada ekosistem kelapa sawit, semut memiliki berbagai peran diantaranya sebagai penyerbuk, predator, pengurai dan herbivora. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat di Nagari Panyubarangan dan Tabek, Kecamatan Timpeh, Kabupaten Dharmasraya, Sumatera Barat pada bulan September 2018 sampai Februari 2019. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman semut pada ekosistem perkebunan kelapa sawit rakyat. Percobaan dilakukan dengan metode survei menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Hand Collecting, Bait Trap, dan Pitfall Trap. Identifikasi dilakukan di Laboratorium Taksonomi Hewan, Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Andalas, Padang. Analisis keanekaragaman menggunakan indeks Shannon-Wienner dan indeks kemerataan Simpson. Indeks keanekaragaman berkisar antara 1,83 sampai dengan 2,08. Total semut yang dikoleksi sebanyak 8.763 individu yang terdiri dari 14 genus, dan 29 spesies. Spesies yang paling dominan adalah Anoplolepis gracilipes diikuti Crematogaster borneensis dan Monomorium floricola dengan Indeks Nilai Penting yakni 0,57. Masing-masing spesies semut tersebut berperan sebagai predator beberapa hama kelapa sawit.
Tanaman bawang merah memiliki potensi pengembangan sangat baik. Permintaan pasar akan komoditi tanaman bawang merah cenderung meningkat berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk,. tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini ialah meningkatkan produksi tanaman bawang merah ngungun jorong Gantiang Utara dengan cara yang efektif dan efisien melalui pemberian YUYAOST dan Trichoderma. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan meliputi survei pendahuluan pendekatan sosial, penyuluhan, pelatihan, dan pembuatan demplot. Kegiatan ini sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat khususnya kelompok tani ngungun jorong Gantiang Utara. Antusias dan partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat sangat menunjang keberhasilan dari kegiatan ini. Pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi yang terbaik didapatkan pada perlakuan YUYAOST. Dalam penerapan teknologi menggunakan YUYAOST dan Trichoderma sangat membantu percepatan tumbuhan tanaman bawang merah. Penggunaan YUYAOST sangat disarankan karena selain mudah untuk didapatkan juga memberikan nilai positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan baik untuk teknologi lingkungan sekitar tanaman budidaya.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the primary food crop commodities in Indonesia. The need for rice is always increasing every year, so efforts are needed to increase rice production. One of the things that can inhibit the rice production was weeds. The first step to control weed was identifying the type of weeds. This study aims was to identify the dominance of weeds found in tidal paddy fields in Indragiri Hilir Regency. The study was conducted on tidal land owned by farmers in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The study was conducted at four locations, namely in the districts of Batang Tuaka, Keritang, Reteh, and Tembilahan Hulu. The research was carried out using a survey and exploration methods. The results revealed that 12 families consisted of 20 species of weeds in the tidal land rice plantations of Indragiri downstream. Based on the Taxonomy, there are seven species of monocot weeds and 13 dicotyledons. Based on the morphology, there are 12 species of broadleaf weeds, five species of grasses weeds, two species of fern weeds, and one species of Cyperaceae weeds. Ageratum conyzoides and Imperata cylindrica species are the most dominant weeds in rice plantations with an SDR (Summed Dominance Ratio) of 9.57% each.
Caterpillar fire is classified as the main pests in oil palm plants and are found in almost all oil palm plantations in Indonesia. The caterpillar fire control is currently being directed to biological control by predatory insects. Insects from the Reduviidae family are one of the insects whose members are predators of caterpillar fire. This study aims to (1) identify predatory ladybug species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) found in endemic areas of caterpillar fire attacks. (2) studying the abundance of predatory ladybugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in areas endemic to fire caterpillar attacks. The research locations were Nagari Panyubarangan, Timpeh district, and Nagari Gunung Selasih, Pulau Punjung district. Identification of sample insects was carried out at the insect Bioecology Laboratory, plant protection department, faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University and campus III land and plant laboratory Dharmasraya from April-July 2018. The sampling of insects uses two methods, namely direct collection, and swing net. In this research, 8 species of predatory ladybugs were found. Of these 8 species, only 3 species preyed on caterpillar fire. Species that prey on fire caterpillars have the highest abundance of Cosmolestes practices as many as 116 individuals and followed by 64 individual Zelus regarding species.
Abstract. Tauruslina EA, Trizelia, Yaherwandi, Hamid H. 2017. Diversity of plant species in paddy ecosystem in West Sumatra. Biodiversitas 18: 1218-1225. Community is a group of living things which have adjusted and inhabited a natural habitat. Characteristics of the community in an environment are its diversity. The diversity of the plants is a plant species that occupy an ecosystem. The research was aimed at determining species diversity, the dominance of plant species and summed dominance ratio (SDR) in paddy ecosystem. The plant samples were taken from the location of endemic areas of brown plant hopper in Tanjung Mutiara Subdistrict, Agam District West Sumatra. Sampling was done by using two methods, (i) survey methods with direct data collection; (ii) squares method, observation of sample plots in the field. The level of diversity of plant species was analyzed using diversity index of ShannonWiener (H'). Plant species dominance was analyzed using dominance index (C). The results showed that index value of ShannonWienner ranged 1.00 -1.73, which indicated that the category of diversity level of plants was medium. Dominance index ranged 0.03 -0.08 which meant there were a dominant species among the plants in the study areas. The highest SDR in the ecosystem type III were Cyperus rotundus (40.87%) and Borreria laevis (37.43%), in the type I was C. rotundus (34.90%) and in type II was Portulaca oleracea (20.08%). The dominant plant species found in the type I were C. rotundus, Eleusine indica, Borreria laevis, in type II were P. oleracea, C. rotundus, Amaranthus spinosus and in type III were C. rotundus, B. laevis, and A. spinosus.
Kabupaten Tanah Datar merupakan daerah agraris, lebih 70% penduduknya bekerja pada sektor pertanian, baik pertanian tanaman pangan, perkebunan, perikanan, maupun peternakan. Nagari Gunung Rajo merupakan salah satu nagari di Kecamatan Batipuh dengan pertanian sebagai sektor ekonomi utama yaitu tanaman padi sawah. Masalah yang sering dihadapi petani Gunung Rajo adalah masalah hama dan penyakit yang menyerang tanaman. Salah satu komponen utama dari program PHT adalah pengendalian hayati dengan memanfaatkan agen hayati rizobakteri indigenus. Aplikasi rizobakteri sangat menguntungkan bagi tanaman karena dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Tujuan kegiatan pemberdayaan kelompok tani ini adalah untuk menambah pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pemanfaatan rizobakteri yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi tanaman padi dengan sistem tanam jajar legowo. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu dengan pelatihan terstruktur dan praktik langsung dilapangan pengaruh rizobakteri terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi menggunakan sistem jajar legowo. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini yaitu produksi bobot gabah/rumpun tanaman yang diberi perlakuan rizobakteri lebih tinggi sebanyak 40,74 gram dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak diberi perlakuan rizobakteri (tanaman kontrol). Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini yaitu pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi tanaman yang di aplikasikan menggunakan rizobakteri lebih tinggi dari pada tanaman yang tidak diberi perlakuan rizobakteri. Penggunaan rizobakteri sangat disarankan karena selain mudah untuk didapatkan juga memberikan nilai positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan baik untuk teknologi lingkungan sekitar tanaman budidaya.
Oil palm plantations bordering forests were thought to affect the biotic components that make up the diversity of ecosystems, especially species with high mobilization and adaptability, such as spiders. This study aims to identify spiders found in oil palm plantations and analyzing diversity and evenness at various distances of oil palm plantations from the forest. Observations of spiders were carried out on oil palm plantations bordered by forests in Nagari Gunung Selasih and Sungai Kambut, Pulau Punjung District, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. In oil palm plantations, a one km long transect line was made from the forest edge. In the sample plots, spiders were observed using a pitfall trap, knockdown, and hand collecting. Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness index. The highest spider species diversity index was found at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively 3.06, 3.05, and 3.11. The same is true for the highest evenness index at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively, namely 0.94, 0.94, and 0.95. In general, the results of this study indicate that the presence of forest bordering the forest is thought to affect spiders in oil palm plantations.
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