Biology and demographic statistics of lady beetle Coccinella  transversalis Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) using Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as prey was studied in laboratory. Development of  C. transversalis from egg to adult was 31.02±4.73 days. The egg stage lasted for 2.33±0.58 days. Larva stage has four instars, which lasted for 2.43±0.19 days (instar I); 2.53 days±0.19 (instar II); 2.64±0.04 days (instar III), and 2.77±0.21 days (instar IV). A female laid 90.44±14.38 eggs. Meanwhile, gross reproduction rate (GRR) of C. transversalis was 74.80 individuals per generation, the net reproduction rate (R0) was 18.22 individual per female per generation, the innate capacity for increase (rm) was 0.46 individual female per day, the mean generation time (T) 12.40 days, and the double population value (DT) was 1.51 days. IntisariMasa perkembangan pradewasa dan imago serta keperidian Coccinella  transversalis (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) telah diteliti di laboratorium dengan menggunakan Aphis gossypii (Glover) (Homoptera: Aphididae) sebagai mangsa. Masa perkembangan C. transversalis sejak stadium telur hingga menjadi imago adalah 31,02±4,73 hari. Perkembangan larva terdiri dari empat instar, masa perkembangan instar I sampai IV berturut-turut adalah 2,43±0,19 hari; 2,53±0,19 hari; 2,64±0,04 hari, dan 2,77±0,21 hari, dengan masa pupa 3,18±0,77 hari. Umur imago betina C. transversalis lebih panjang jika dibandingkan dengan imago jantan yakni 15,14±1,90 dan 13,63±1,00 hari. Imago betina meletakkan telur setelah melewati masa pra oviposisi selama 2,67±0,58 hari. Masa oviposisi C. transversalis yakni 8,97±0,89 hari dengan jumlah telur yang diletakkan yakni 90,44±14,38 butir. Parameter demografi C. transversalis adalah laju reproduksi kotor (GRR) adalah 74,80 individu per generasi; laju reproduksi bersih (Ro) 18,22 individu per induk per generasi; laju pertumbuhan intrinsik (rm) sebesar 0,46 individu per induk per hari; masa rata-rata generasi (T) selama 12,40 hari; dan nilai pelipatgandaan populasi (DT) adalah 1,51 hari.

Tanaman bawang merah memiliki potensi pengembangan sangat baik. Permintaan pasar akan komoditi tanaman bawang merah cenderung meningkat berkaitan dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk,. tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini ialah meningkatkan produksi tanaman bawang merah ngungun jorong Gantiang Utara dengan cara yang efektif dan efisien melalui pemberian YUYAOST dan Trichoderma. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan meliputi survei pendahuluan pendekatan sosial, penyuluhan, pelatihan, dan pembuatan demplot. Kegiatan ini sangat bermanfaat bagi masyarakat khususnya kelompok tani ngungun jorong Gantiang Utara. Antusias dan partisipasi aktif dari masyarakat sangat menunjang keberhasilan dari kegiatan ini. Pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi yang terbaik didapatkan pada perlakuan YUYAOST. Dalam penerapan teknologi menggunakan YUYAOST dan Trichoderma sangat membantu percepatan tumbuhan tanaman bawang merah. Penggunaan YUYAOST sangat disarankan karena selain mudah untuk didapatkan juga memberikan nilai positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan baik untuk teknologi lingkungan sekitar tanaman budidaya.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the primary food crop commodities in Indonesia. The need for rice is always increasing every year, so efforts are needed to increase rice production. One of the things that can inhibit the rice production was weeds. The first step to control weed was identifying the type of weeds. This study aims was to identify the dominance of weeds found in tidal paddy fields in Indragiri Hilir Regency. The study was conducted on tidal land owned by farmers in Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. The study was conducted at four locations, namely in the districts of Batang Tuaka, Keritang, Reteh, and Tembilahan Hulu. The research was carried out using a survey and exploration methods. The results revealed that 12 families consisted of 20 species of weeds in the tidal land rice plantations of Indragiri downstream. Based on the Taxonomy, there are seven species of monocot weeds and 13 dicotyledons. Based on the morphology, there are 12 species of broadleaf weeds, five species of grasses weeds, two species of fern weeds, and one species of Cyperaceae weeds. Ageratum conyzoides and Imperata cylindrica species are the most dominant weeds in rice plantations with an SDR (Summed Dominance Ratio) of 9.57% each.

Abstract. Tauruslina EA, Trizelia, Yaherwandi, Hamid H. 2017. Diversity of plant species in paddy ecosystem in West Sumatra. Biodiversitas 18: 1218-1225. Community is a group of living things which have adjusted and inhabited a natural habitat. Characteristics of the community in an environment are its diversity. The diversity of the plants is a plant species that occupy an ecosystem. The research was aimed at determining species diversity, the dominance of plant species and summed dominance ratio (SDR) in paddy ecosystem. The plant samples were taken from the location of endemic areas of brown plant hopper in Tanjung Mutiara Subdistrict, Agam District West Sumatra. Sampling was done by using two methods, (i) survey methods with direct data collection; (ii) squares method, observation of sample plots in the field. The level of diversity of plant species was analyzed using diversity index of ShannonWiener (H'). Plant species dominance was analyzed using dominance index (C). The results showed that index value of ShannonWienner ranged 1.00 -1.73, which indicated that the category of diversity level of plants was medium. Dominance index ranged 0.03 -0.08 which meant there were a dominant species among the plants in the study areas. The highest SDR in the ecosystem type III were Cyperus rotundus (40.87%) and Borreria laevis (37.43%), in the type I was C. rotundus (34.90%) and in type II was Portulaca oleracea (20.08%). The dominant plant species found in the type I were C. rotundus, Eleusine indica, Borreria laevis, in type II were P. oleracea, C. rotundus, Amaranthus spinosus and in type III were C. rotundus, B. laevis, and A. spinosus.

Kabupaten Tanah Datar merupakan daerah agraris, lebih 70% penduduknya bekerja pada sektor pertanian, baik pertanian tanaman pangan, perkebunan, perikanan, maupun peternakan. Nagari Gunung Rajo merupakan salah satu nagari di Kecamatan Batipuh dengan pertanian sebagai sektor ekonomi utama yaitu tanaman padi sawah. Masalah yang sering dihadapi petani Gunung Rajo adalah masalah hama dan penyakit yang menyerang tanaman. Salah satu komponen utama dari program PHT adalah pengendalian hayati dengan memanfaatkan agen hayati rizobakteri indigenus. Aplikasi rizobakteri sangat menguntungkan bagi tanaman karena dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Tujuan kegiatan pemberdayaan kelompok tani ini adalah untuk menambah pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai pemanfaatan rizobakteri yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi tanaman padi dengan sistem tanam jajar legowo. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu dengan pelatihan terstruktur dan praktik langsung dilapangan pengaruh rizobakteri terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi menggunakan sistem jajar legowo. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini yaitu produksi bobot gabah/rumpun tanaman yang diberi perlakuan rizobakteri lebih tinggi sebanyak 40,74 gram dibandingkan dengan tanaman yang tidak diberi perlakuan rizobakteri (tanaman kontrol). Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini yaitu pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi tanaman yang di aplikasikan menggunakan rizobakteri lebih tinggi dari pada tanaman yang tidak diberi perlakuan rizobakteri. Penggunaan rizobakteri sangat disarankan karena selain mudah untuk didapatkan juga memberikan nilai positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan baik untuk teknologi lingkungan sekitar tanaman budidaya.

Nelly N, Rusli R, Yaherwandi, Yusmarika F (2010) Diversity of parasitoid Lepidopterans larvae on . Diversity of parasitoid lepidopterans larvae on Brassicaceae was conducted in several Brassicaceae areas in West Sumatra. The objective of the research was to study the diversity of parasitoid lepidopterans larvae on Brassicaceae. Sampling was conducted on Brassicaceae plants: cabbage, cauliflower, petsai and sawi. It was taken five samples in every plot, by using W method. Collection technique was done by direct collecting larvae, by using yellow trap and insect net. Adult of parasitoids was identified until family. The result of the research indicated that there was the diversity of parasitoid lepidopterans, the highest diversity was found on sawi. The number of parasitoid Lepidopterans larvae found was 566, 83 species, 9 families. The degree of parasitation on the three plants was low.

Diversity of Hymenoptera Parasitoid in Different Agricultural Landscape at Cianjur Watershed, West Java. Understanding how the landscape structure affect the interaction between crops, pests and their natural enemies is a complex problem that can significantly impact on the success or failur of insect biological control. Hymenoptera parasitoid are particularly important natural enemies because of their great diversity and effectiveness as agents of biological control. The objective of this research is to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid in rice field at Cianjur Watershed. Insects were sampled using three trapping techniques (farmcop, insect net and yellow pan trap). Species accumulative curves, Jackknife-1 estimator, indices of diversity, indices of community similarities and cluster analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were 2750 speciment consist of 26 family and 325 species of Hymenoptera parasitoid in rice fields at Cianjur Watershed. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid were found to be influenced by the landscape structure and seasone of  ricefield. Species richness and diversity were higher in Nyalindung landscape than Gasol and Selajambe landscape.

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