Abstract. Yanti Y, Astuti FF, Habazar T, Nasution CR. 2017. Screening of rhizobacteria from rhizosphere of healthy chili to control bacterial wilt disease and to promote growth and yield of chili. Biodiversitas 18: 1-9. Bacterial wilt on chili cause by Ralstonia solanacearum. This disease is important, causing plant death and significant yield losses. Biological control is desirable because control with other methods gives variable results. One of the important group of biological agent is the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This group can control plant pathogens and enhance the growth and yield through direct and indirect mechanisms. The aim of this research was to obtain indigenous rhizobacterial isolates from rhizosphere of healthy chili, which are effective to control bacterial wilt disease and to promote plant growth as well as to increase plant yields. The rhizobacterial isolates were collected from healthy chili rhizosphere in endemic area of bacterial wilt at Banuhampu Sub-district, Agam District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Screening method of rhizobacterial isolates to control bacterial wilt was based on in planta technique. This technique was consist of three steps, as follow: (i) Screening of 43 rhizobacterial isolates to induce the hypersensitive reaction on Mirabilis jalapa. (ii) Screening of 42 rhizobacterial isolates (from first step) to increase growth of chili seedlings and (iii) Screening of 20 selected rhizobacterial isolates (from second step) to control bacterial wilt on chili. R. solanacearum were inoculated on the 6 weeks chili plants using Two strains of rhizobacterial isolates from chili rhizosphere (RZ.2.1.AG1 and RZ.1.3.AP1) showed high potential for disease suppression and also increased growth and yield of chili.
Abstract. Yanti Y, Hamid H, Reflin, Warnita, Habazar T. 2019. The ability of indigenous Bacillus spp. consortia to control the anthracnose disease (Colletrotricum capsici) and increase the growth of chili. Biodiversitas 21: 179-186. Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici can reduce yields of chili up to 80%. The control of anthracnose disease is generally carried out using synthetic fungicides. However, the use of these fungicides can pollute the environment and harm human health. One alternative control that needs to be developed is the use of Bacillus spp. as a biocontrol agent. The study was conducted to obtain an indigenous Bacillus spp. consortium that compatible as a biological agent for the control of the anthracnose diseases and promoting the growth of chili plants. The experiment was arranged as a completely randomized design, consisted of three stages, namely: 1) inhibitory test of indigenous Bacillus spp. against C. capsici in vitro, 2) compatibility test of indigenous Bacillus spp. and 3) Test of indigenous Bacillus spp.consortium for controlling C. capsici and promoting the growth of chili. The results showed that eight species of indigenous endophytic bacteria could inhibit the growth of C. capsici in vitro. All combinations of indigenous Bacillus spp. were compatible for controlling C. capsici. Four combinations of Bacillus spp. were able to increase the growth of chili plants. K1 consortium (Bacillus pseudomycoides strain SLBE 3.1 AP, Bacillus thuringiensis strain SLBE 2.3 BB, Bacillus toyonensis strain AGBE 2.1 TL) was the best consortium for controlling C. capsici.
Yanti Y, Warnita, Reflin, Busniah M. 2018. Indigenous endophyte bacteria ability to control Ralstonia and Fusarium wiltdisease on chili pepper. Biodiversitas 19: 1532-1538. Bacterial wilt and Fusarium wilt caused by Ralstonia syzigii subsp. indonesiensisand Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici (Foc), respectively are the most damaging vascular pathogens in chili pepper (Capsicum annuumL.) and many other crops limiting their production, worldwide. Various strategies have been developed to control wilt pathogensincluding the application of chemical pesticides, which generally considered as the most effective and fastest strategy for plant diseasemanagement. However, effective chemicals for wilt pathogens of chili pepper plants are not available, yet. Endophytic bacteriaconsidered as one of options to control vascular wilt disease because of its ability to live and colonize in internal roots of plants.Previous research has been done to select endophytic indigenous bacteria isolates which can promote growth rate of chili pepper. Thepurpose of the research was to identify the selected indigenous endophyte bacteria isolates acquired from our previous study using 16SrRNA identifications and to screen the selected endophytic indigenous bacteria to control both R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis and Foc.Results from 16S r RNA analysis showed that all of 9 isolates were identified as Bacillus spp., such as Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579,Bacillus pseudomycoides strain NBRC 101232, Bacillus toyonensis strain BCT-7112, Bacillus thuringiensis strain ATCC 10792,Bacillus weihenstephanensis strain DSM 11821, Bacillus mycoides strain 273, Bacillus cereus strain NBRC 15305, Bacillusbingmayongensis strain FJAT-13831 and Bacillus manliponensis strain BL4-6. Our results showed that most of endophytic bacteriaisolates application could control both bacterial and Fusarium wilt diseases. Six out of nine isolates can suppress R. syzigii subsp.indonesiensis without developing any symptoms and five isolates could suppress symptoms of Foc. Isolates Bacillus pseudomycoidesstrain NBRC 101232 Bacillus thuringiensis strain ATCC 10792 and Bacillus mycoides strain 273 were potential for control Foc and R.syzigii subsp. indonesiensis in chili pepper.
Solid formulations of indigenous rhizobacteria Bacillus thuringiensis TS2 and storage time to control bacterial pustule disease Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. Bacterial pustule disease caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Glycines is a major constraint in soybean cultivation. Indigenous rhizobacteria Bacillus thuringiensis TS2 from soybean rhizosphere acquired from previous research is the best isolate which can control soybean bacterial pustule disease and increase growth rate of soybean. To increased its stability and interaction with soybean plants, Bacillus thuringiensis TS2 was urged to test furthermore especially its formulation with based formula tapioca powder, peat and bulk. The most effective storage time also need to test. Result showed that all rhizobacterial formula had ability to decrease incidence of bacterial pustule disease compared to control. Moreover, all the three formula could increase plant growth, total of leaves, total of branch and yields. Flowering time was also advanced by 1-8 days compared to control. Decreasing of disease rate and increasing of plant growth rate variated between different formulations.
The activity of peroxidase were observed in leave of banana clone Kepok resulting by treatments EMS. The phenotype of peroxidase was analyzed from the banana clones resulting the induced by EMS and without induction after inoculated with pathogen Banana Blood deases Bacterium (BBD). The objectives of research are know variation of activity and band pattern of peroxidase. Induced mutation treatments consist of control, 0.2% EMS for 1 and 3 hours, 0.5% for 1 and 3 hours, each treatments was provided five banana clones. The result showed that variant value and coefisien variant of peroxidase activity in leaf tissue of clone treated by EMS increased compare to the control. A variant control is 0.28 with coefisien variant is 29.92%, while variant value of treatment is 8.45 with coefisien variant is 75.75%. Appearance of peroxidase bands on clone resulting by EMS treatments were emerged four band pattern. The first and control band pattern has relative migration distance is 20 and 30, the second 15, 40 and 60, the third is 15, 35 and 50. There are four bands with different relative migration distance that indicated polymorphic.
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