Keanekaragaman laba-laba pada perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berbatasan dengan hutan

Abstract

Oil palm plantations bordering forests were thought to affect the biotic components that make up the diversity of ecosystems, especially species with high mobilization and adaptability, such as spiders. This study aims to identify spiders found in oil palm plantations and analyzing diversity and evenness at various distances of oil palm plantations from the forest. Observations of spiders were carried out on oil palm plantations bordered by forests in Nagari Gunung Selasih and Sungai Kambut, Pulau Punjung District, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province. In oil palm plantations, a one km long transect line was made from the forest edge. In the sample plots, spiders were observed using a pitfall trap, knockdown, and hand collecting. Data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness index. The highest spider species diversity index was found at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively 3.06, 3.05, and 3.11. The same is true for the highest evenness index at a distance of 100–300 m from the forest, respectively, namely 0.94, 0.94, and 0.95. In general, the results of this study indicate that the presence of forest bordering the forest is thought to affect spiders in oil palm plantations.

Spider diversity as an effort to mitigate insect pests in the Lingsar Vegetable Farming Area, West Lombok Regency

“…However, each spider species is higher, namely 19 species (cashew) and 46 species in coffee plantations [21][22]. The number of spiders in this study was also much lower than those in oil palm plantations bordering forests, with 68 species (15 families) [23]. Vegetated habitats greatly influence the composition and distribution of spiders [24].…”

“…The moderate diversity of spiders in the vegetable area is probably due to the influence of vegetation cover that is less diverse and less shaded. The diversity of spiders in the Lingsar vegetable area is lower than that of spiders in the Banyubiru Labuan Pandeglang Tourism Village, which is characterized by settlements and forests with an H' range of 1.67 to 2.14 [28] and as reported by [23] namely 2.43 to 3.11. However, it has a higher H' than spiders found in rice paddy ecosystems in several locations (H'=0.750-1.881) [29].…”

Ant Community Structure in Palm Oil Plantation Bordering Secondary Forest

“…The lowest diversity and evenness index is found at a distance of 100 m from the forest ecosystem, with the highest dominance index value of 0.33. Asih et al (2021) support this opinion that diversity and evenness will be of high value if the dominance index value is relatively low and vice versa. An ecosystem with high dominance indicates that the species dominate the area, which results in low diversity and evenness for other species.…”

PERILAKU LABA-LABA (Araneus diadematus) DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM DAN SAINS

“…Laba-laba tergolong cepat untuk beradaptasi dengan perubahan habitat dan ketersediaan mangsa sehingga pada saat kelimpahan mangsa tinggi dan lingkungan sesuai maka pertumbuhan laba-laba akan lebih cepat sehingga populasi meningkat drastis [10].…”

“…Mereka dapat ditemukan di gurun, hutan, dan bahkan di dalam air. Beberapa spesies laba-laba dapat bertahan hidup di lingkungan yang sangat ekstrem, seperti di pegunungan tinggi atau di daerah yang sangat dingin [10]. Perubahan kondisi abiotik, ketersediaan makanan dan tempat bersarang, serta kelimpahan mutualis atau pesaing.…”