✓Meningeal melanocytomas are rare tumors and malignant transformation of these lesions is even rarer. The authors report on a case of a 57-year-old man who presented with a melanocytoma located at the L5–S1 level. After gross-total resection of the tumor, it recurred 1 year later as a malignant melanoma. In addition, multiple subcutaneous metastases were found at that time. The patient was treated with radiation therapy (5000 cGy). Five months later metastases in the liver and the left ninth rib were discovered. The pertinent literature is reviewed and disease criteria are presented to distinguish meningeal melanocytoma from malignant melanoma and from meningiomas or schwannomas containing melanotic pigment. Patients and investigators should be cautioned that a meningeal melanocytoma may recur and transform into a malignant melanoma.

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Highlights • PGPR was used to stabilise internal water droplet interface • Starch and pea protein isolate were used to stabilise w 1 /o droplet interface • Low energy membrane emulsification process generated stable w 1 /o/w 2 emulsions • Variation of shear stress and injection rate produced drops between 35 and 320 µm • Complex food emulsifiers delayed release of Mg 2+ ions for up to 2 weeks

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Two-dimensional tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ) nanosheets hold great potential for improving the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites, yet their large-scale preparation, dispersion, and toughening efficiency remain challenging. Herein, a facile, scaled-up, and eco-benign method was developed to simultaneously exfoliate and fabricate surface-functionalized WS 2 nanosheets with the assistance of biobased polyphenols, such as tannic acid (TA) from peel waste. Benefiting from the strong interfacial interaction between TA-modified WS 2 nanosheets (WS 2 -TA) and the epoxy resin (EP) matrix, considerable improvement in the mechanical properties of the EP/WS 2 -TA nanocomposites was achieved. The introduction of barely 0.25 wt % WS 2 -TA nanosheets increased the tensile and flexural strengths by 63 and 35%, respectively. Meanwhile, with the same low loading of 0.25 wt %, the impact strength and fracture toughness (K Ic ) of the nanocomposites, respectively, increased by 131 and 96%, realizing highly efficient toughening of EP. Besides, the thermal properties of the EP/WS 2 -TA nanocomposites also achieved noticeable improvements, which were attributed to the good dispersion of the nanosheets, combining inherently rigid and flexible nature, and the strong interfacial interaction between the nanosheets and the EP matrix. This work not only highlighted the simultaneous exfoliation and surface functionalization of the two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets but also broadened their applications in high-performance nanocomposites.

Dynamic covalent chemistry offers a solution to tackle the recycling issue of epoxy resins (EPs) and their carbon fiber‐reinforced composites; however, the vulnerability to creep associated with the inflammable nature of the EPs are the key obstacles for their applications. Herein, we propose a feasible and facile strategy to overcome these obstacles by incorporating phosphorus‐influenced Diels‐Alder (DA) chemistry to construct dynamic epoxy networks. In the strategy, the electron‐withdrawing phosphonate in the dienophile maleimide greatly promotes the thermal stability of the DA reaction, exhibiting excellent creep resistance, repairability, and malleability; while its flame‐retardant activity improves the fire safety of the resultant thermosets. Meanwhile, nondestructive recycling of carbon fiber is achieved. The ease with which EP and its composites can be manufactured, used, recycled and re‐used–without losing service performance–points to new orientation in sustainable composites.image

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