The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from indigenous West Sumatera fermented foods. The aim was to obtain LAB isolates that have the ability to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and to characterize the highest GABA producing LAB. The indigenous West Sumatera fermented foods sampled were dadih (fermented buffalo milk), asam durian (fermented durian), tape singkong (fermented cassava) and ikan budu (fermented fish). The conventional method was used to isolate LAB, after which LAB were screened for γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) and GABA producing LAB characterized by biochemical tests. A total of 704 isolates were successfully isolated. Five hundred fifty two (552) isolates were identified as LAB and 103 isolates were confirmed as GABA producing LAB. The highest GABA producing LAB was DS15 and produced 49.365 mg/ml of GABA. DS18 produced the least GABA of 3.415 mg/ml. Biochemical assay of DS15 showed that the isolate could grow on the MRSA, undergoes aerobic respiration, do not use lactose, glucose, mannitol, arginine, aesculin, arabinose, raffinose, sorbitol, trehalase and xylose/melezitose. The isolate DS15 was also negative for arginine, nitrate reduction, catalase and oxidase tests. Based on the gram stain reaction, the isolate DS15 was a gram-positive bacterium and could be classified as Lactobacillus sp.
Agricultural and agro-industrial wastes, which are mostly in the form of lignocelluloses, basically have no economic value may be even be considered of negative value because they still need further treatment. Lignocelluloses consist of hemicelluloses, celluloses, and lignin. Celluloses are the biggest component and can be transformed into energy sources, paper, single-cell protein, glucose, and sorbitol (Putarau 1969; Coral et al. 2002). One of the goals in biotechnological development is to open the way to utilize microbes in waste bioconversion. Microbe used to treat cellulose-containing wastes could produce extra-cellular enzymes that were able to degrade cellulose material into their smaller components (Bedford and Partridge 2001). The potency of utilizing cellulase is varied. However, there are some constraints in producing it such as the unavailability of superior microbial strains and a lack of knowledge in enzyme production technology. On the other hand, experts from developed countries acknowledge that countries rich in biodiversity, including Indonesia, are a potential source of microbes for bioprocessing (Fox 1994). Cellulase is usually produced by bacteria and fungi. At present, fungi are usually needed in producing cellulase and for the bioconversion process to improve animal feed quality, but there is a constraint arising from the increase of crude fiber content due to the presence of hyphae which is counted as crude fiber (Coral et al. 2002). One of the alternatives is using forest litter decomposer bacteria i.e. Bacillus spp. Bacillus spp. have the biggest number of bacteria, can be found in almost every location, and when chemically tested, they were the most active out of seven genera of bacteria (Jusfah et al. 1995; Yusuf 2000). Litter is organic material residue from dead plants that can be found on the earth's surface or buried in its soil minerals. The speed of the litter decaying process by decomposer
Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant present in tomatoes and other vegetables and fruits. Present research was carried out to evaluate lycopene and nitrogen retention and crude fiber (CF) digestibility of steaming tomatoes waste powder which was combined with oil. Tomatoes waste in this experiment were local fresh tomato rejected from tomato field around West Sumatera province, Indonesia. The experimental factors were included the type of oil (palm and coconut oils) and dosage of oils (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 1.25 %), and each treatment was replicated three times. The results indicated there was an interaction between the type of oil and dosage of oil on lycopene retention, and CF digestibility, while the type of oil and dosage of oil affected lycopene retention significantly. The dosage of oil also influenced lycopene retention, nitrogen retention, CF digestibility significantly. The addition of coconut oil in steaming tomato waste powder increased lycopene and nitrogen retention, and CF digestibility higher than the addition of palm oil to steaming tomato waste powder in broiler chickens. The lycopene and nitrogen retention, and CF digestibility of steaming tomato waste powder added 0.5% coconut oil was the best level for lycopene and nitrogen retention, and CF digestibility in broiler chickens.
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