Use of prebiotics, nondigestible dietary ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth of and/or activating the metabolism of health‐promoting bacteria in the intestinal tract, is a novel concept in aquaculture. An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary prebiotic inulin on growth performance, intestinal microflora, body composition and hematological parameters of juvenile beluga, Huso huso. Three replicate groups of fish (initially averaging weight as group 16.14 ± 0.38 g) were fed diets containing prebiotic inulin levels ranging from 1 to 3%. The basal diet contained 3% cellulose. Fish were fed to apparent satiation and growth performance was monitored. The results of linear regression showed that there was a negative relationship between some performance indices including weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), energy retention (ER), feed efficiency (FE), protein retention (PR), and supplementation level of inulin, which indicated that inulin is not appropriate for supplementation in the diet of beluga. At the end of trial, in both basal and inulin groups, the total count of intestinal bacteria decreased within the second 4 weeks, but the intestinal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increased in the 1% inulin group. These changes were not, however, reflected in the survival rate of the fish, although survival was higher compared to other groups.

Agricultural and agro-industrial wastes, which are mostly in the form of lignocelluloses, basically have no economic value may be even be considered of negative value because they still need further treatment. Lignocelluloses consist of hemicelluloses, celluloses, and lignin. Celluloses are the biggest component and can be transformed into energy sources, paper, single-cell protein, glucose, and sorbitol (Putarau 1969; Coral et al. 2002). One of the goals in biotechnological development is to open the way to utilize microbes in waste bioconversion. Microbe used to treat cellulose-containing wastes could produce extra-cellular enzymes that were able to degrade cellulose material into their smaller components (Bedford and Partridge 2001). The potency of utilizing cellulase is varied. However, there are some constraints in producing it such as the unavailability of superior microbial strains and a lack of knowledge in enzyme production technology. On the other hand, experts from developed countries acknowledge that countries rich in biodiversity, including Indonesia, are a potential source of microbes for bioprocessing (Fox 1994). Cellulase is usually produced by bacteria and fungi. At present, fungi are usually needed in producing cellulase and for the bioconversion process to improve animal feed quality, but there is a constraint arising from the increase of crude fiber content due to the presence of hyphae which is counted as crude fiber (Coral et al. 2002). One of the alternatives is using forest litter decomposer bacteria i.e. Bacillus spp. Bacillus spp. have the biggest number of bacteria, can be found in almost every location, and when chemically tested, they were the most active out of seven genera of bacteria (Jusfah et al. 1995; Yusuf 2000). Litter is organic material residue from dead plants that can be found on the earth's surface or buried in its soil minerals. The speed of the litter decaying process by decomposer

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keseimbangan energi dan protein dalam ransum yang disuplementasi dengan probiotik Bacillus amyloliquefaciens terhadap performa itik Pitalah. Pernelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 3 x 3 dengan 3 kelompok bobot badan sebagai ulangan. Faktor A adalah level energi yaitu : 2800, 2700, dan 2600 kkal/kg dan faktor B adalah level protein yaitu: 18, 17, dan 16%. Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi ransum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi yang berbeda sangat nyata (P<0.01) antara level energi dan level protein terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi ransum. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah dengan pemberian probitik Bacillus amyloliquefaciens dapat menurunkan kebutuhan energi ransum itik sebesar 3.57% dan menurunkan kebutuhan protein sebesar 5.56% dengan imbangan energi 2700 kkal dan protein 17% dalam ransum.Kata kunci: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, itik Pitalah, performa, probiotik, imbangan energi dan protein ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to determine the balance of energy and protein in the ration which is given probiotic of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the performance of Pitalah duck. This experiment was using a group-randomized design with a 3x3 factorial pattern with three groups of body weight as replications and two factors. Factor A is energy level (2800, 2700, and 2600 kcal/kg), Factor B is protein level (18, 17, and 16%

Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh fermentasi makanan daun lamtoro dalam ransum itik Pitalah. Desain penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 7 perlakuan, 3 ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 6 petelur bebek. Perlakuan penelitian ini adalah R0 (kontrol), R1 (10% tepung daun lamtoro tanpa fermentasi), R2 (10% TDL fermentasi dengan Bacillus laterosporus), R3 (20% TDL fermentasi dengan Bacillus laterosporus), R4 (10% TDL fermentasi dengan Trichoderma viride) dan R5 (20 % TDL fermentasi dengan Trichoderma viride) dan R6 (10% TDL Fermentasi dengan Bacillus laterosporus + 10% TDL fermentasi dengan Trichoderma viride). Parameter yang diamati seperti: lemak, kolesterol dan warna kuning telur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ransum berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) untuk kolesterol dan warna kuning telur tetapi berbeda nyata (P<0,05) untuk lemak kuning telur. Penggunaan produk daun lamtoro fermentasi dengan Trichoderma viride dan Bacillus laterosporus sebanyak 20% di ransum itik Pitalah dan perlakuan R3 penurunan lemak (18,50%), kolesterol kuning telur (42,00 mg/dl) dan peningkatan warna kuning telur 12,67. Perlakuan R3 lebih baik daripada kontrol ransum dan ransum lain dan juga bisa meningkatkan kinerja itik Pitalah.

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