Selection and Identification of Cellulase-Producing Bacteria Isolated from the Litter of Mountain and Swampy Forest

Abstract

Agricultural and agro-industrial wastes, which are mostly in the form of lignocelluloses, basically have no economic value may be even be considered of negative value because they still need further treatment. Lignocelluloses consist of hemicelluloses, celluloses, and lignin. Celluloses are the biggest component and can be transformed into energy sources, paper, single-cell protein, glucose, and sorbitol (Putarau 1969; Coral et al. 2002). One of the goals in biotechnological development is to open the way to utilize microbes in waste bioconversion. Microbe used to treat cellulose-containing wastes could produce extra-cellular enzymes that were able to degrade cellulose material into their smaller components (Bedford and Partridge 2001). The potency of utilizing cellulase is varied. However, there are some constraints in producing it such as the unavailability of superior microbial strains and a lack of knowledge in enzyme production technology. On the other hand, experts from developed countries acknowledge that countries rich in biodiversity, including Indonesia, are a potential source of microbes for bioprocessing (Fox 1994). Cellulase is usually produced by bacteria and fungi. At present, fungi are usually needed in producing cellulase and for the bioconversion process to improve animal feed quality, but there is a constraint arising from the increase of crude fiber content due to the presence of hyphae which is counted as crude fiber (Coral et al. 2002). One of the alternatives is using forest litter decomposer bacteria i.e. Bacillus spp. Bacillus spp. have the biggest number of bacteria, can be found in almost every location, and when chemically tested, they were the most active out of seven genera of bacteria (Jusfah et al. 1995; Yusuf 2000). Litter is organic material residue from dead plants that can be found on the earth's surface or buried in its soil minerals. The speed of the litter decaying process by decomposer

Peningkatan Kualitas Nutrisi Limbah Kulit Ubi Kayu melalui Fermentasi Menggunakan Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

“…Bacillus amyloliquefaciens juga bersifat selulolitik dan dapat mendegradasi serat kasar karena menghasilkan enzim ekstraseluler selulase dan hemiselulase (Wizna et al, 2007). Disamping itu bakteri ini juga menghasilkan beberapa enzim seperti alfa acetolactate decarboxylase, beta glucanase, hemicellulase, maltogenic amylase, urease, protease, xilanase, dan khitinase (Luizmeira, 2005).…”

“…Selama proses fermentasi mikroba akan mengeluarkan enzim dimana enzim tersebut adalah protein dan mikroba itu sendiri juga merupakan sumber protein sel tunggal. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens dapat menghasilkan beberapa enzim seperti alfa amylase, alfa acetolactate decarboxylase, beta glucanase, hemicellulase, maltogenic amylase, urease, protease, xilanase, khitinase dan enzim fitase serta enzim ekstraseluler selulase dan hemiselulase (Luizmeira, 2005;Kim et al, 1998;Wizna et al, 2007). Dengan adanya sel tubuh dan enzim protease yang dihasilkan oleh Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pada saat fermentasi kulit ubi kayu dapat meningkatkan protein substrat, karena sel tubuh dan enzim-enzim tersebut merupakan protein.…”

Nutritional Value of Rice Bran Fermented by Bacillus <i>amyloliquefaciens</i> and Humic Substances and Its Utilization as a Feed Ingredient for Broiler Chickens

“…In the present study, a fermentation technique was used in an attempt to improve the quality of rice bran as it is simpler and can be carried out on small farms. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was used as the inoculum, since it had been reported to produce various enzymes such as α-amylase, α-acetolactate, decarboxylase, β-endoglucanase, hemicellulase, phytase, maltogenic amylase and xylanase which possess a potential to degrade fiber ( Anonymous, 2012 ; Diaz, 2008 ; Wizna et al, 2007 ). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens effectively reduced crude fiber (CF) from tapioca by-product ( Wizna et al, 2009 ) and rice bran ( Wizna et al, 2012 ).…”

Pengaruh Imbangan Energi dan Protein Ransum Terhadap Pertumbuhan Itik Pitalah Yang Diberi Probiotik Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

“…B. amyloliquefaciens efektif menurunkan kandungan serat kasar onggok (Wizna et al, 2009) dan dedak (Wizna et al, 2012). B. amyloliquefaciens dapat dijadikan sebagai probiotik karena bakteri tersebut memenuhi persyaratan yang diperlukan sebagai prboiotik, diantaranya adalah bakteri tersebut menghasilkan endospora tahan panas, mempunyai kemampuan untuk mendegradasi xylan dan karbohidrat, tumbuh dengan baik pada suhu 40ºC dan pH 6, tahan terhadap pasteurisasi dan mampu tumbuh pada larutan garam konsentrasi tinggi (10%) (Wizna, 2007). B. amyloliquefaciens dapat bertahan di usus halus ayam ras petelur selama 32 hari dengan jumlah koloni 18x10 -7 CFU/gram usus halus segar, menurunkan 0.9% konsumsi ransum dan meningkatkan 5.39% massa telur (Parawitan, 2009).…”

“…Komposisi bahan perlakuan (%) (Luizmera, 2005;Kim et al, 1998;Wizna et al, 2007;Selvamohan et al, 2012). Probiotik dapat memperbaiki saluran pencernaan dan meningkatkan kecernaan pakan, yaitu dengan cara menekan bakteri patogen dalam saluran pencernaan sehingga mendukung perkembangan bakteri yang menguntungkan yang membantu penyerapan zat-zat makanan (Kompiang, 2002).…”