Abstract. Data of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in Indonesian hospitals are scarce. Therefore, the epidemiology of S. aureus among surgery patients in three academic hospitals in Indonesia was studied. In total, 366 of 1,502 (24.4%) patients carried S. aureus. The methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) carriage rate was 4.3%, whereas 1.5% of the patients carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). Semarang and Malang city (odds ratio [OR] 9.4 and OR 9.0), being male (OR 2.4), hospitalization for more than 5 days (OR 11.708), and antibiotic therapy during hospitalization (OR 2.6) were independent determinants for MRSA carriage, whereas prior hospitalization (OR 2.5) was the only one risk factor for PVL-positive MSSA carriage. Typing of MRSA strains by Raman spectroscopy showed three large clusters assigned type 21, 24, and 38, all corresponding to ST239-MRSA-SCCmec type III. In conclusion, MRSA and PVL-positive MSSA are present among patients in surgical wards in Indonesian academic hospitals.
This study examines the effectiveness of using audio visual as media in improving learning achievement of a Islamic Junior high schools. The study used qualitative methods with observation, interview and documentation as techniques for data collection. The results of this research shows that the use of audio visual media in enhancing the learning achievement of Islamic education at SMP Negeri 1 Palu was effective for several reasons: First, the use of audio-visual media can clarify the material that is taught, effectifying and functioning students’ sensory, both senses of sight and hearing in accordance with the nature of the characteristics of the material and subject matter that is taught. Second, gives stimulation, experiences and observations that is similar to students in the same time with the subject matter. Third, encourages students to be active in learning activity. By using the audio-visual media, we can also say that the PAI teachers have motivated the whole class to be actively included in the teaching learning proces. Fourth, audio-visual media is very effective in improving students’ interest and achievement in learning Islamic education. The supporting factors are the learning system thatt is used, the quality of teachers, the facilities and infrastructures, as well as the role of parents, communities and the agencies related. The factors that inhibit the effectiveness of using audio visual media are as follows: (1). Time allocation of learning, (2). Procurement of electricity. To overcome these problems we can use genset macine as temporary power, desain the material an media in accodane with time.
Methanol is used in various applications, such as fuel for transportation vehicles, fuel cells, and in chemical industrial processes. Conventionally, separation of methanol from aqueous solution is by distillation. However, this method consumes a large amount of energy; hence development of a new method is needed. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the effect of an electric field on water–methanol separation by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with diameters of 0.81 to 4.07 nm. Without an electric field, methanol molecules fill the CNTs in preference to water molecules. The preference of methanol to occupy the CNTs over water results in a separation effect. This separation effect is strong for small CNT diameters and significantly decreases with increasing diameter. In contrast, under an electric field, water molecules strongly prefer to occupy the CNTs over methanol molecules, resulting in a separation effect for water. More interestingly, the separation effect for water does not decrease with increasing CNT diameter. Formation of water structures in CNTs induced by an electric field has an important role in the separation of water from methanol.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising for water transport through membranes and for use as nano-pumps. The development of CNT-based nanofluidic devices, however, requires a better understanding of the properties of water molecules in CNTs because they can be very different from those in the bulk. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the effect of axial electric fields on the structure of water molecules in CNTs having diameters ranging from (7,7) to (10,10). The water dipole moments were aligned parallel to the electric field, which increases the density of water inside the CNTs and forms ordered ice-like structures. The electric field induces the transition from liquid to ice nanotubes in a wide range of CNT diameters. Moreover, we found an increase in the lifetime of hydrogen bonds for water structures in the CNTs. Fast librational motion breaks some hydrogen bonds, but the molecular pairs do not separate and the hydrogen bonds reform. Thus, hydrogen bonds maintain the water structure in the CNTs, and the water molecules move collectively, decreasing the axial diffusion coefficient and permeation rate.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran pentingnya penggunaan aplikasi online terutama WhatsApp (WA) dalam kegiatan pembelajaran terutama perkuliahan Penilaian Pendidikan Fisika. Tiga puluh dua responden yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini adalah calon guru fisika di jurusan fisika FMIPA UM. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini berupa angket, observasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh positif dari penggunaan WA bagi keaktifan mahasiswa dalam berdiskusi serta kuliah baik dalam perkuliahan tatap muka maupun dalam jaringan (daring). Mahasiswa juga merasa perlu untuk mencoba menerapkan penggunaan WA dalam kegiatan pembelajaran kelak maupun dalam perkuliahan lain. Kedekatan serta diskusi antar mahasiswa dan dosen-mahasiswa dapat terjadi dengan baik serta meningkatkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan perlunya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh penggunaan WA terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa. This study aims to describe the importance of Online Application use particularly WhatsApp (WA) during learning activities in particular in a Physics Education Assessment lecture. Thirty-two respondents involved are pre-service Physics Teachers learning at Physics Department FMIPA UM. Questionnaire and interview were employed to obtain data about the importance of WA in the lecture. The study shows positive influences of WA application to students' activity during discussion section in both face-to-face meeting and online discussion. The participants also thought that they need to employ WA during both future Physics class and other lectures. The application also encouraged student discussion with their peer and also the lecturer. This study also indicates the need of further research about WA application and students' achievement.
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