Our aim is to describe and explain how digitization can enable servitization for manufacturers.• We perform a multiple-case study at four manufacturing companies that have developed and exploited digital means for service infusion.• Three pathways for digitally-enabled servitization are identified: industrial servitization, commercial servitization and value servitization.• Dynamic resource configurations are assigned to overcome barriers specific to each pathway.• Competitive benefits include expansion of market reach and further integration into customers' processes.

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Manufacturing companies that venture into servitization can experience difficulties when upscaling product-service systems (PSS) for further growth. This research study has two main objectives: first, to develop insight into the internal levers to increase firms' servitization capacity, and second, to apply a new methodology to support companies in upscaling PSS. For these purposes, we conduct an exploratory research study of eight manufacturing companies, consisting of both multiple case and participatory action research methods. We find that manufacturers often experience challenges when either designing or rolling out PSS, which varies based on the company's chosen strategy. Additionally, they can be confronted with an organisational logic that hinders PSS upscaling efforts. This research offers guidance to practitioners facing internal barriers for servitization, providing a new method to explore, prioritise and work out concrete PSS-enhancing projects.

General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

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