resumo -a romãzeira (Punica granatum l.) é fruteira de porte arbustivo, utilizada geralmente como planta ornamental e explorada quanto a suas características medicinais. Seus frutos apresentam cavidades internas onde estão alojadas numerosas sementes e sem a presença de endosperma. estas sementes apresentam certa dificuldade para germinar, sendo que se conseguiu atingir porcentagens satisfatórias de germinação com a utilização de estratificação, que é processo necessário para a quebra da dormência fisiológica, já que altera o balanço hormonal, sobretudo os níveis de giberelina. o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a aplicação de concentrações de Ga 3 na germinação de sementes de Punica granatum em ambiente controlado com temperatura de 25ºc e fotoperíodo de 12 horas de luz, sobre papel germitest. adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualisado, com cinco tratamentos [concentrações de Ga 3 (0; 100; 200; 300 e 400 mgl -1 )], quatro repetições de 25 sementes cada. determinou-se durante a embebição a curva de aquisição de água das mesmas. as variáveis avaliadas foram porcentagem de germinação, tempo médio de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, índice de sincronização e frequência de germinação, comprimento médio total (parte aérea + parte radicular), massa da matéria fresca e seca das plântulas. a única variável que mostrou efeito das concentrações de Ga 3 foi o índice de velocidade de emergência. o tempo de embebição necessário para atingir máximo teor de água nas sementes de romãzeira (P.granatum) em água deionizada foi de quatro horas, sendo a embebição neste líquido o método eficaz para o processo germinativo, sem a necessidade de uso de giberelina. termos para indexação: Romã, regulador vegetal, giberelina. GermInatIon oF pomeGranate (Punica granatum l.)seeds under GIBerellIn concentratIons aBstract -The pomegranate (Punica granatum l.) fruit tree is shrubby, often used as an ornamental plant and operated as its medicinal characteristics. its fruits have internal cavities that host numerous seeds and without the presence of endosperm. These seeds are germinating some difficulty, and it was possible to achieve satisfactory percentages of germination using laminating process that is required for breaking of physiological dormancy, as alters hormone balance, particularly gibberellin levels. The study aimed to evaluate the application of Ga 3 concentrations on germination of seeds of Punica granatum in controlled temperature of 25ºc and a photoperiod of 12 hours of light on paper germitest environment. We adopted the completely randomized design, with five treatments [GA 3 concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg l -1 )], four replicates of 25 seeds each. it was determined during the acquisition curve imbibition of water from the same. The variables evaluated were germination percentage, mean germination time, germination velocity index, index of synchronization and frequency of germination, total length (shoot + root), fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings. The only variable that showed the eff...

The production costs of passion fruit have increased in recent year mainly due to use of technologies such as different fertilizations, plant density, use of agrochemicals in the protection of plants, production of larger seedlings, among other seeking to increase production. Thus, it is important to know what is the real cost of these techniques to find the financial balance of the production system for increased profitability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence and impact of nutritional management on economic terms and production costs of yellow passion fruit. The evaluated parameters were: productivity, commercial production, percentage of commercial fruit, commercial fruit classification, production costs and profitability index of passion fruit vines in the municipality of Presidente Prudente, Brazil. Different N rates (150, 300, 600 and 1200 kg ha-1), P 2 O 5 (200, 400, 800 and 1600 kg ha-1) and K 2 O, (100, 300, 500 and 700 kg ha-1) were applied. The economic study showed that the production cost increased with the doses of fertilizer. However, this additional economic cost was not reflected in increased productivity per area with the NPK doses. The minimum price for selling passion fruit should be USD 0.26 per kilogram of fruit to obtain economic optimization of entrepreneurial activity. There was positive response in the production for classification of fruit (gauge 2, 3 and 4), commercial production, percentage of commercial fruit and with use to N and K 2 O. Operating profit and profitability index were more satisfactory in the application of 300 kg of N, 200 kg of P 2 O 5 and 300 kg of K 2 O per hectare. In the nutritional management on cost of production showed that there was a percentage difference in operating production cost of 4.52% between the highest and lowest dose of N. 6.40% between doses of P 2 O 5 and 2.52% between doses of K 2 O. The biggest difference in production cost was between the tested and recommended doses of 4.04%, 5.81% and 1.71% per treatment at different levels of N, P and K, respectively. The total operating cost ranged from USD 9,049.76 to 8,4699.97 per hectare.

The objective this work was to evaluate specific economic data of the production of yellow passion fruit under influence of different doses of NPK, in the form of N, P2O5 and K2O, in an area with incidence of virose in the city of Presidente Prudente, State of São Paulo. The following doses of NPK were evaluated: N (150 to 1200 kg ha-1), P2O5 (200 to 1600 kg ha-1) and K2O (100 to 700 kg ha-1). Miyake et al. (2016) describe the methodology used in the formation of seedlings, fertilization and cultural treatments of passion fruit. The data used in the economic analysis were: productivity, commercial production, percentage and fruits of each commercial classification, cost of production and profitability of passion fruit. At the economical part, structures of the COE and TOC and four indicators of profitability were used. It was observed percentage difference in the operational cost of production of 4.0% between the highest and the lowest dose of N, of 5.8% among doses of P2O5 and 1.7% among doses of K2O. The total operating cost ranged from $29,119.77 to $31,113.09 per hectare. The profitability indicators were not favorable. It was concluded that the region of Presidente Prudente-SP, in areas with an incidence of viral infection, it is not recommended the plantation of passion fruits. However, at times with high selling price of fruit (average above R$ 1.95 kg-1), the dose of NPK indicated refers to 300 kg of N, 400 kg of P2O5 and 500 kg of K2O ha-1.

Plantulas de tomate.Foto: Álvarez-Herrera.Características físico-químicas de frutos de abobrinha -de-moita em função de doses de potássio em cobertura Physico-chemical characteristics of zucchini fruits as a function of potassium top dressing levels Planta de abobrinha-de-moita. Foto: A.I.I. Cardoso RESUMOO potássio é considerado por muitos pesquisadores como o nutriente relacionado à qualidade dos frutos. No entanto, são poucas as pesquisas em que este efeito do potássio é avaliado. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito de doses de potássio em cobertura na qualidade físico-química de frutos de abobrinha-de-moita (Cucurbita pepo L.) híbrido Aline. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha -1 de K 2 O em cobertura), no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Logo após a colheita dos frutos foram avaliadas as seguintes características físico-químicas: teor de macronutrientes nos frutos, potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), acidez total titulável (ATT), sólidos solúveis totais (SST), "ratio" (relação SST/ATT), porcentagem de açúcares redutores e a textura. O teor de potássio, o pH, e a relação SST/ATT nos frutos aumentaram à medida que se aumentou a dose de potássio, enquanto a acidez total titulável reduziu. As outras características não foram influenciadas pelas doses de potássio.

Mg, and S were observed at 90 DAT. Plants fertilized with cattle and poultry manures presented increases in the total phenol content and antioxidant activity in relation to the control plants (without fertilization), in both harvest seasons (90 and 150 DAT). In conclusion, fertilization of P. incarnata with cattle and poultry manure did not result in dry biomass gains, but promoted an increase in the quality of the raw material (higher phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity).

The fruits of guava (Psidium guajavaL.) are highly appreciated not only for aroma and flavor, but also for nutritional value, being a rich source of vitamin C and can be consumed in naturaor in their industrial forms. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of guavacultivars, its initial production and its fruit quality in irrigated and non-irrigated environments. Planting was carried out in February 2016, at 2.0 x 4.5 m spacing, with seedlings formed by cuttings from a commercial nursery. The plants were conducted in the espalier system, with regular prunings for fruiting. It was used a complete randomized block design in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement, with three cultivars (Tailandesa, Século XXI and Pedro Sato) and two production environments (irrigated and non-irrigated). Productive variables (yield per plant and fruit mass) and qualitative variables (pH and total soluble solids content) were analyzed in the first two crop cycles. The yield and mass of fruits of evaluated cultivars were not affected by the additional irrigation of the plants. The irrigation has decreased the pH and the level ofsoluble solids content of the fruits. The 'Tailandesa' guava cultivar was the one that presented the best productive performance for cultivation in the region of Vera Cruz, SP.

Este estudo teve o objetivo de determinar os teores de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) em plantas enxertadas pelos métodos contato bisel, garfagem por fenda cheia e encostia, comparadas as plantas não enxertadas (pé-franco), nos diferentes órgãos da planta, sob fertirrigação em ambiente protegido. O híbrido e o porta-enxerto utilizados foram o AF 7125 e AF 8253 respectivamente. Os nutrientes foram fornecidos via fertirrigação durante o ciclo de 150 dias. O experimento foi desenvolvido na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Produção São Manuel, no município de São Manuel -SP pertencente FCA-UNESP, Campus de Botucatu -SP, e constou de quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições. Cada parcela foi composta por 12 plantas. Realizaram-se as análises químicas em uma planta por parcela aos 35, 85, 112 e 143 dias após transplante, para determinar a concentração dos nutrientes. Os resultados mostram que a concentração de macronutrientes na ordem decrescente na parte vegetativa (folha + caule) foi: K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P; já nos frutos foi: K > N > P > S > Mg > Ca. A concentração dos macronutrientes foi equivalente entre as plantas enxertadas quando comparando com pé-franco e que o porta-enxerto pode influenciar na absorção e translocação de minerais nas plantas enxertadas. Palavras MACRONUTRIENT LEVELS IN GRAFTED PEPPER PLANTS UNDER FERTIGATION 2 ABSTRACTThis study aimed at determining the levels of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) in grafted plants by contact methods such as bevel, cleft grafting by full rift and approach, as compared to non grafted plants. Analyses were performed in different parts of the plants under fertigation in a greenhouse. The hybrid and rootstock were AF 7125 and AF 8253, respectively. The nutrients were supplied via fertigation during the 150-day cycle. The

<htm>Alporquia em Lichieira, <i>Litchi chinensis </i>(Sapindaceae), submetida a diferentes doses de ácido naftaleno acético</htm>