Mo-doped VO(2) nanowire array film with good thermochromic properties was prepared by melting-quenching followed by heat treatment in a vacuum. The formation of the new microstructure is related to the cleavage of the oxide lamella along (001) and (100) plane with large interplanar spacing. Mo doping results in the loss of V(4+)-V(4+) pairs and destabilizes the semiconductor phase and consequently lowers the semiconductor-to-metal transition temperature T(c) from 64 to 42 degrees C. Because of enhancement of the electron concentration due to the presence of Mo donors, the Fermi level shifts toward the conduction band, resulting in the decrease of activation energy E(a), hence, temperature coefficient of resistance.

Effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on soil enzyme activity and structural diversity of soil microbial communities were investigated. The low and moderate OTC inputs of less than 15 mg/kg enhanced microbial growth and increased the total and bacterial and fungal biomasses in the receiving soils. The antibiotic toxicity of OTC although targeted the bacteria in the soils proportionally resulted in greater harmed against the soil fungi than the bacteria and the Gramnegative bacteria fared significantly better than the Gram-positive bacteria. Collectively, the high OTC inputs lowered of soil enzymatic activities and the low and moderate OTC inputs did not have any adverse impact on the soil enzyme activities.

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Thermal management of a Li‐ion battery is a critical issue affecting its performance, endurance, and operation security. This paper focuses on the effects of a self‐designed thermal management module (TMM) on the temperature characteristics of the Li‐ion battery. This TMM uses heat pipes as the main elements for heat transfer with the aid of a heat collecting plate and cooling fins. The thermal issues and necessity of using this TMM are evaluated. The influences of heat collecting plate, heat pipe layout, and air‐blowing operation are all discussed. The influential factors and related mechanisms are accordingly analyzed. Results indicate that the use of a heat collecting plate, the setup of a dual heat pipe, and forced air convection are all helpful to reduce the battery temperature. The simulation results based on Icepak also suggest that this heat‐pipe‐based TMM is able to depress the temperature rise of the battery pack at an appropriate level.

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