The sediment samples were collected from eight sites located in the Pearl River Estuary and the Shenzhen Bay of the west coast of Shenzhen. The distributions of the seven elements Zn, Cr, Hg, Cu, Cd, Pb and As have been analyzed, and their pollution degrees, corresponding potential ecological risks and source identifications have been studied using geo-accumulation index, potential ecological risk index and integrated multivariate statistical methods, respectively. Based on the calculated geo-accumulation indices, the contamination levels of all elements in the Pearl River Estuary are similar to those in the Shenzhen Bay, reflecting that these elements in the study areas have similar sources because of the adequate seawater exchange. The calculated potential ecological risk indices suggest that Cd and Hg are at considerable and moderate risk, respectively. Multivariate statistical analyses further reveal that Zn, Hg, Cd and Pb originated from industrial wastewater, while Cr and Cu are mainly from both industrial wastewater and agricultural sources, and As is mainly from natural source. These research results provide baseline information for both the coastal environment management and the worldwide heavy metal distribution and assessment.
Thermal management of a Li‐ion battery is a critical issue affecting its performance, endurance, and operation security. This paper focuses on the effects of a self‐designed thermal management module (TMM) on the temperature characteristics of the Li‐ion battery. This TMM uses heat pipes as the main elements for heat transfer with the aid of a heat collecting plate and cooling fins. The thermal issues and necessity of using this TMM are evaluated. The influences of heat collecting plate, heat pipe layout, and air‐blowing operation are all discussed. The influential factors and related mechanisms are accordingly analyzed. Results indicate that the use of a heat collecting plate, the setup of a dual heat pipe, and forced air convection are all helpful to reduce the battery temperature. The simulation results based on Icepak also suggest that this heat‐pipe‐based TMM is able to depress the temperature rise of the battery pack at an appropriate level.
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