The key to achieving successful, reproducible results following the introduction of beneficial microbes into soil relies on the survival rate of the inoculated bacteria in a heterogeneous soil environment and hence an improved encapsulation method was developed. Owing to the constraints associated with the inoculum formulation, in this study, encapsulation of a plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolate Bacillus subtilis CCpg104 was attempted with alginate by enriching the bead microenvironment with humic acid. High viability of the encapsulated bacteria was observed with minimum cell loss upon storage for 5 months. Steady and constant cell release from the bead was observed for 1 week at different pH. Encapsulated cells remained active as evidenced by their ability to solubilize calcium phosphate in vitro. Successful plant growth promotion of lettuce by the encapsulated bacteria under gnotobiotic and sterile environment was also achieved. Feasibility of this improved encapsulation technique is mainly due to the dual benefits of humic acid to microbe and plant and its chemical properties allowing an easy mixing with alginate without interfering in the formation of the alginate gel beads by cross-linking with Ca 2þ ions. Thus, the encapsulation method described in this study can be effectively used to protect the PGPB inoculum from adverse conditions of the soil for their successful establishment in the rhizosphere. ß
Deinococcus ficus sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of Ficus religiosa L. A pale-pink strain (CC-FR2-10 T ) from the rhizosphere of the sacred tree Ficus religiosa L. in Taiwan was investigated by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The cells were Gram-positive, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Deinococcus, the highest sequence similarities being found with Deinococcus grandis (96?1 %), Deinococcus radiodurans (94?3 %), Deinococcus radiopugnans (93?2 %), Deinococcus indicus (93?0 %), Deinococcus proteolyticus (92?5 %), Deinococcus murrayi (92?4 %) and Deinococcus geothermalis (90?7 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness with respect to D. grandis DSM 3963 T was 17?9 %. Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain CC-FR2-10 T contains only menaquinone MK-8 as the respiratory quinone, unknown phosphoglycolipids as the predominant polar lipids and 16 : 1v7c, 17 : 1v8c and 17 : 1v9c iso as the predominant fatty acids. The biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties demonstrate that strain CC-FR2-10 T represents a novel species, for which the name Deinococcus ficus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is
A yellow-pigmented bacterial strain (CC-H3-2 T ), isolated from the rhizosphere of Lactuca sativa L. (garden lettuce) in Taiwan, was investigated using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The cells were Gram-negative, rod-shaped and non-spore-forming. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Chryseobacterium, with the highest sequence similarity to the type strains of Chryseobacterium indoltheticum (97?7 %), Chryseobacterium scophthalmum (97?5 %), Chryseobacterium joostei (97?2 %) and Chryseobacterium defluvii (97?2 %). The major whole-cell fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 (52?2 %) and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed levels of only 27?4 % to C. scophthalmum, 27?1 % to C. indoltheticum, 14?1 % to C. joostei and 7?8 % to C. defluvii. DNA-DNA relatedness and biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties demonstrate that strain CC-H3-2 T represents a novel species, for which the name Chryseobacterium formosense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-H3-2 T (=CCUG 49271 T =CIP 108367 T ).
A bacterial isolate obtained from soil from a municipal landfill site in India was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The colonies of the isolate were found to be yellow and highly mucoid. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that this isolate constitutes a distinct phyletic line within the genus Lysobacter, displaying >3 % sequence divergence with respect to recognized Lysobacter species. The generic assignment was confirmed by chemotaxonomic data, which revealed the presence of a fatty acid profile characteristic of members of the genus Lysobacter and consisting of saturated, unsaturated, straight-chain and branched-chain fatty acids as well as iso-C 11 : 0 3-OH as hydroxylated fatty acid, and the presence of an ubiquinone with eight isoprene units (Q-8) as the predominant respiratory quinone. The genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain IMMIB APB-9T merits classification as representing a novel species of the genus Lysobacter, for which the name Lysobacter defluvii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMMIB APB-9 T (=CCUG 53152 T =DSM 18482 T ).
Sphingomicrobium astaxanthinifaciens sp. nov., an astaxanthin-producing glycolipid-rich bacterium isolated from surface seawater and emended description of the genus Sphingomicrobium Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, TaiwanA Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, flagellated and non-spore-forming marine bacterium designated strain CC-AMO-30B T was isolated from coastal surface seawater, Taiwan.Strain CC-AMO-30B T synthesized astaxanthin [40 mg (g dry weight)"1
A yellow-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile, moderately thermophilic, rodshaped bacterium, designated strain CC-HSB-11 T , was isolated from a coastal hot spring of Green Island (Lutao), located off Taituang, Taiwan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that it shared ,94.4 % sequence similarity with Muricauda species. Menaquinone with six isoprene units (MK-6) was the major respiratory quinone and iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 1 G, iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 16 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and/or C 16 : 1 v7c/t) were the predominant fatty acids. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Six unidentified phospholipids and glycolipids also occurred as minor components. The DNA G+C content of strain CC-HSB-11 T was 46.4±1 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with other Muricauda species and differentiating fatty acid compositions and other phenotypic data, strain CC-HSB-11 T represents a novel species in the genus Muricauda, for which the name Muricauda lutaonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-HSB-11 T (5BCRC 17850 T 5KCTC 22339 T ).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.