In this study, the effects of oral administration of probiotic Bacillus sp. D2.2 and prebiotic from sweet potato extract on growth performance and resistance against Vibrio harveyi in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were investigated. During 32-day feeding experiment, 360 individuals of Pacific white shrimp (PL15) with initial weight of 0.02 ± 0.002 g were fed with basal diet as control (A); supplemented with 6% probiotic and 0% prebiotic (B); 6% probiotic and 2% prebiotic (C); 6% probiotic and 4% prebiotic (D). At the end of feeding trial, weight gain (WG), average daily growth (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival rate (SR) were assessed. WG, ADG and FCR of the shrimp were significantly better in treatment D than those of the shrimp in other treatments. Control and treatment D as the best feeding trial were selected for challenge test with infectious V. harveyi. Survival rate and mean time to death (MTD) of the shrimp fed the supplemented diet were not significantly different (P>0.05) to the control. Infection levels in shrimp were evaluated using morphological scoring methods. Infection levels of V. harveyi in shrimp fed the diet were lower compared to the control.

Avicennia alba is a mangrove plant that often ued by coastal society as a traditional medecine, it is potential to be dveloped as the sources of pharmaceutical. The aim of the research is to examine the effect of Avicennia alba leaves extract various concentrations to Vibrio harveyi infection on vaname shrimp. The addition of the extract is thought to be used as an antibacterial so that it can give effect to the attack of V. harveyi in vaname shrimp. Vaname shrimps (total of 120 shrimps) with a weight of 10±2g/ind were injected intramuscularly with V. harveyi bacteria in 107 CFU/ml density. After the occurrences of clinical symptoms, the shrimps were immersed into A. alba leaves extract with concentration 0 ppm, 150 ppm, 250 ppm, and 350 ppm for 21 days. The results showed that the addition leaves extract can increase shrimp’s survival rate as much as 46.67% and increase the shrimp’s ability to prevent (RPS) V. harveyi infection untill of 70±15%. The mean time of death (MTD) was 106±18.33 hours, it caused there ar active compounds contained such as saponin, tannin, and steroid be suspected antibacterial so that they can protect shrimp from the effect of Vibrio infection damage. Giving a concentration of 250 ppm Avicennia alba leaves extract can treat vaname shrimp which was attacked by V. harveyi better than other treatments.

Pertahanan non-spesifik adalah pertahanan utama pada benih ikan. Salah satu bahan alami sebagai sumber imunostimulan adalah tanaman kelor. Daun kelor mengandung senyawa flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid dan saponin sebagai agen imunostimulan. Imunostimulan adalah senyawa biologis yang dapat meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun kelor dalam meningkatkan imunitas non-spesifik pada benih ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang terinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila. Dalam pemberian ekstrak daun kelor diberikan injeksi intramuskular 0,1 mL/ikan dengan konsentrasi 50 mg, 75 mg dan 100 mg. Pada metode penelitian ini, digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yang setiap akuarium masing-masing berisi 12 ekor benih nila berukuran 8-10 cm. Pemberian pakan pada benih nila dilakukan setiap 3 kali sehari yaitu pagi, siang dan sore hari. Parameter yang diuji adalah leukosit, diferensial leukosit, eritrosit, aktivitas fagositosis dan indeks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun pada benih ikan nila dapat meningkatkan kekebalan non-spesifik, yaitu total leukosit, total eritrosit, leukosit diferensial, aktivitas dan indeks fagositosis.

AbstrakDalam berbudidaya udang vaname terdapat kendala yang harus dihadapi, salah satunya adalah serangan penyakit. Upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan dapat berupa pemberian imunostimulan menggunakan ekstrak daun pepaya yang diaplikasikan dengan cara perendaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh ekstrak daun pepaya terhadap imunitas non spesifik udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan juli-agustus dengan menggunakan empat perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu perlakuan A (0 mg/l ekstrak daun pepaya), B (10 mg/l ekstrak daun pepaya), C (20 mg/l ekstrak daun pepaya), dan D (30 mg/l ekstrak daun pepaya). Parameter yang diuji yaitu total hemocyte count, aktivitas fagositosis, indeks fagositosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun pepaya sebagai imunostimulan dapat meningkatkan respon imun udang vaname. Konsentrasi terbaik yaitu 30 mg/l. Kata kunci : Udang vaname, Ekstrak daun pepaya, Perendaman, Imunostimulan, Respon imun non spesifik.

<p>BSTRAK<br />Fitofarmaka di Indonesia sudah tidak asing lagi dan banyak dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan-pengobatan tradisional. Tanaman sambung nyawa merupakan salah satu tanaman yang sudah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan manusia karena memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berkhasiat obat. Kandungan-kandungan tersebut seperti flavonoid, tannin, dan saponin. Selain untuk pengobatan manusia, daun sambung nyawa juga berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai obat ikan dalam rangka pencegahan penyakit. Vibriosis merupakan salah satu penyakit bakterial yang disebabkan oleh Vibrio alginolyticus dan rentan menyerang ikan kerapu macan. Penggunaan antibiotik sintetik telah banyak digunakan tetapi menimbulkan banyak dampak buruk, sehingga perlu alternatif baru untuk pencegahan vibriosis. Salah satunya yaitu dengan penggunaan ekstrak daun sambung nyawa, hal ini didukung karena potensinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh ekstrak daun sambung nyawa untuk meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh ikan kerapu macan sehingga dapat mencegah serangan bakteri Vibrio alginolyticus. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi ekstraksi bahan, uji fitofarmaka, uji in vitro, uji in vivo, uji hematologi, dan uji histopatologi. Dosis ekstrak daun sambung nyawa yang paling efektif untuk meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh ikan kerapu macan dan mencegah serangan Vibrio alginolyticus adalah dosis 700 ppm.</p><p>Kata kunci : daun sambung nyawa, pencegahan, vibriosi</p>

Anesthetic method is an important component to support the activities of transporting live fish from one place to another for a long period of time. Cost efficiency and effectiveness of anesthetic ingredients that not cause residues in fish are factors to beconsidered as an anesthetic. Aim of this research is to study the effect of subletal concentration of amethyst leaf extract on the hematological conditions of tilapia fry after transporting on wet transportation systems. The research procedure was through the amethyst leaf extract toxicity test series (LC50-96 hours) to determine its sublethal concentration by 20% (0,297 ml/l), 30% (0,445 ml/l) and 40% (0,594 ml/l) of the LC50 value. The measured parameters are clinical symptoms, period of fainting and conscious recovery, hematological analysis, survival rate, and water quality. The results showed the concentration of amethyst leaf extract had an effect (P<0,05) on the period of fainting and the hematological component after transportation simulation. Results of water quality measurement showed the parameters of pH at 6 and ammonia 0,04 mg/l are not at the optimum value when fish transportation occur. The recommended concentration of amethyst leaf extract for use as an anesthetic agent is 0,445 ml/l

The main problem in vaname shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei culture is a disease. One of the diseases that can infect vaname shrimp is White Feces Disease (WFD) caused by bacteria Vibrio sp. The Treatment can be done by using Red galangal Rhizome extract. Since MBC testing result galangal extract can be a treat of Vibrio sp bacteria. This research used the completely randomized design (RAL) with five treatments and three replications which treatment A (negative control), B (positive control), C (7.5 grams), D (10 grams) and (12.5 grams) which are mixed with pellet for treating White Feces Disease in vaname shrimp. The result shows that red galangal rhizome extracted give effect to SR (Survival Rate), RPS (Relative Percent Survival), TVC (Total Vibrio Count), but it didn't give effect to clinical indication and histopathology.

Abstract. Vanamei prawns have fast growth and can reared in high density. it has an impact on water quality deterioration and disruption of survival rates and growth. Various ways to cope has been done, one of them is with probiotic bacteria. The new strain of D2.2 bacteria is thought to be effective of ammonia utilization. Probiotics with local bacteria Bacillus sp. D2.2 is cultured on molasses technical medium to be applied semi-mass. The purpose of this study is to asses the efectivity of Bacillus sp. D2.2 inthe molasses technical medium on water quality and growth performance of vaname prawns (Litopenaeus vannamei). The research was used complete randomized design (RAL) with four treatments, A (Control), B (Application of 5 ppm Bacillus sp. D2.2 cultured in molasses technical medium), C (Application of 10 ppm Bacillus sp. D2.2 cultured in molasses technical medium), D (Application of 15 ppm Bacillus sp. D2.2 cultured in molasses technical medium) were repeated three times each. The results showed no effect on water quality and shrimp survival rate, but absolute growth (W), daily growth rate (GR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed that B and C treatment had better than control.Keywords: Vaname shrimp, growth, Bacillus sp. D2.2, molasses technical medium Abstrak. Udang vanamei memiliki pertumbuhan cepat dan dapat dipelihara dengan kepadatan yang tinggi. Tingkat kepadatan yang tinggi berdampak pada penurunan kualitas air dan berakibat terganggunya tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan. Berbagai cara untuk menanggulangi penurunan kualitas air telah dilakukan, salah satunya adalah dengan bakteri probiotik. Strain baru bakteri D2.2 diduga efektif dalam menanggulangi peningkatan amonia. Probiotik dengan bakteri lokal Bacillus sp. D2.2 dikultur pada media teknis molase untuk diaplikasikan secara semi-massal. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengujiefektivitas pemberian Bacillus sp.D2.2 pada media teknis molase terhadap kualitas air dan performa pertumbuhan udang vaname(Litopenaeus vannamei). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan yaitu A (Kontrol), B (Aplikasi 5 ppm Bacillus sp. D2.2 yang dikultur media teknis molase), C (Aplikasi 10 ppm Bacillus sp. D2.2 yang dikultur media teknis molase), D (Aplikasi 15 ppm Bacillus sp. D2.2 yang dikultur media teknis molase) masing-masing diulang tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanya pengaruh terhadap kualitas air dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup udang, namun pertumbuhan mutlak (W), laju pertumbuhan harian (GR) dan feed conversion ratio (FCR) menunjukkan perlakuan B dan C memiliki nilai yang lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol.