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Research was conducted to determine the effect of temperature and fermentation time of crude cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei on straw substrate. The research was arranged in a randomized complete factorial design consisting of two factors. The first factor is the temperature of fermentation consists of two levels, 27 o C and 37 o C. The second factor is the time fermentation consists of three levels, namely 5 d, 7 d, and 9 d. The results showed that the temperature and fermentation period significantly affect the observed parameters on crude cellulase production by Trichoderma reesei. The optimal treatment combination to produce crude cellulase with maximum activity is at 27 o C and fermentation time of 9 d with an average value of cellulase activity (filter paperase) and soluble protein respectively 0.041 193 7 unit mL 1 and 0.021 613 mg mL 1 .

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Ganoderma lucidum has been known as a cosmetic source. It contains bioactive ingredients such as triterpenoids and polysaccharides. The present study was to formulate transparent soap enriched with Ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum) extract and investigate its antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Formulation of Ganoderma transparent soaps was made by hot process method. The results showed that Ganoderma transparent soaps have moisture content 21.8%, pH 9.22, total fatty matter 41.66%, free fatty acid 1.08% and chloride acid 5.57%. Antibacterial assay by agar well diffusion method showed that Ganoderma transparent soaps were more active against the S. aureus than the Gram-negative bacteria and even C. albicans. The antioxidant activity assay using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical showed that the IC50 of transparent soap was 1.53 mg/mL.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan kondisi pertumbuhan optimum pH, suhu, dan waktu inkubasi dari Aspergillus niger FNCC 6018 untuk produksi enzim selulase kasar dengan aktivitas spesifik maksimum pada substrat bagas tebu. Aktivitas spesifik maksimum A. niger FNCC 6018 dioptimasi dengan perlakuan variasi pH 5, 6, 7; suhu 27, 37, 50°C dan waktu inkubasi 5, 7, 9 hari. Kondisi optimum yang diperoleh digunakan untuk memproduksi enzim selulase kasar dan selanjutnya digunakan dalam proses produksi bioetanol. Produksi bioetanol dilakukan dengan metode Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) pada suhu ruang, pH 5, selama 5 hari menggunakan substrat bagas tebu, enzim selulase kasar A. niger FNCC 6018, khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae FNCC 3012, dan medium SSF. Pada akhir tahap SSF, kadar glukosa diukur dengan metode DNS (Dinitro Salisilat) sedangkan kadar etanol diukur dengan metode Gas Chromatography.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum untuk produksi enzim selulase kasar A. niger FNCC 6018 berada pada pH 5, suhu 37oC, waktu inkubasi 9 hari dengan aktivitas spesifik selulase kasar sebesar 0.107 U/mg. Kadar glukosa dan etanol maksimal dengan metode SSF adalah 0.59 mg/mL dan 1.217%. Metode ini cukup potensial untuk produksi bioetanol dari bagas tebu.

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