A physicochemical study of sugar palm (Arenga Pinnata) starch films plasticized by glycerol and sorbitol AIP Conference Proceedings 1711, 080003 (2016) (20, 30, 40 and 50% w/w starch). The film samples were stored for 1, 4 and 8 week at 25 o C under 52%RH. The results showed that there is an increasing tendency of thickness, moisture content, solubility, and elongation at break as glycerol concentration increased, whereas tensile strength decreased as glycerol concentration were raised. The moisture content and solubility of plasticized film initially increased after 1 week but decreased after 4 weeks of storage. Aging films affected to mechanical properties, increasing resistance but reducing their stretchability. The XRD results showed that the crystallinity of sample with various glycerol concentration tends to decrease after 8 weeks storage.

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An experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of bio additive administration (a mixture of Lumbricus rubellus extract, Morinda citrifolia leaves extract and lactic acid bacteria), probiotic, and antibiotic to the performance and meat quality of broiler infected with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). In this study, 140 Jumbo 747 unsexed one-day old chicks were distributed randomly into 20 units of cages, each filled with 7 broilers. Twenty cages were assigned into 5 treatment groups, each treatment in 4 equal replicates. The treatments were as follows: A= E. coli infection (positive control), B= E. coli infection + bio additive, C= E. coli infection + probiotic, D= E. coli infection + antibiotic, E= No E. coli infection (negative control). A commercial corn-soybean-based broiler diet was formulated as the basal diets. The experimental period was 35 d and at 21st d of age the broilers were infected with E. coli except the E treatment. The result showed that bio additive administration (B) increased the final body weight (1,659.52 g) and body weight gain (1,616.81 g) and resulted in less FCR (1.87) among other treatments. The lowest mortality rate was recorded in B treatment (3.57%) and D treatment (3.57%). Probiotic (C treatment) and antibiotic (D treatment) decreased (P<0.05) meat pH and tenderness compared to other treatments. Meanwhile bio additive administration did not affect the meat quality (pH, cooking loss, water-holding capacity, tenderness, and fat) compared to positive and negative controls. The lowest meat cholesterol content was observed in B treatment (54.02 mg/100 g). It is concluded that bio additive administration on broiler infected with E. coli increased the broiler performance and decreased the meat cholesterol compared to other treatments

Ganoderma lucidum has been known as a cosmetic source. It contains bioactive ingredients such as triterpenoids and polysaccharides. The present study was to formulate transparent soap enriched with Ganoderma (Ganoderma lucidum) extract and investigate its antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Formulation of Ganoderma transparent soaps was made by hot process method. The results showed that Ganoderma transparent soaps have moisture content 21.8%, pH 9.22, total fatty matter 41.66%, free fatty acid 1.08% and chloride acid 5.57%. Antibacterial assay by agar well diffusion method showed that Ganoderma transparent soaps were more active against the S. aureus than the Gram-negative bacteria and even C. albicans. The antioxidant activity assay using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical showed that the IC50 of transparent soap was 1.53 mg/mL.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan kondisi pertumbuhan optimum pH, suhu, dan waktu inkubasi dari Aspergillus niger FNCC 6018 untuk produksi enzim selulase kasar dengan aktivitas spesifik maksimum pada substrat bagas tebu. Aktivitas spesifik maksimum A. niger FNCC 6018 dioptimasi dengan perlakuan variasi pH 5, 6, 7; suhu 27, 37, 50°C dan waktu inkubasi 5, 7, 9 hari. Kondisi optimum yang diperoleh digunakan untuk memproduksi enzim selulase kasar dan selanjutnya digunakan dalam proses produksi bioetanol. Produksi bioetanol dilakukan dengan metode Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) pada suhu ruang, pH 5, selama 5 hari menggunakan substrat bagas tebu, enzim selulase kasar A. niger FNCC 6018, khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae FNCC 3012, dan medium SSF. Pada akhir tahap SSF, kadar glukosa diukur dengan metode DNS (Dinitro Salisilat) sedangkan kadar etanol diukur dengan metode Gas Chromatography.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum untuk produksi enzim selulase kasar A. niger FNCC 6018 berada pada pH 5, suhu 37oC, waktu inkubasi 9 hari dengan aktivitas spesifik selulase kasar sebesar 0.107 U/mg. Kadar glukosa dan etanol maksimal dengan metode SSF adalah 0.59 mg/mL dan 1.217%. Metode ini cukup potensial untuk produksi bioetanol dari bagas tebu.

The most biologically active compounds of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum can be classified into polysaccharides and terpenoids. Most of these biological compounds are supposed to associate with its antioxidant activity. Both of wild grown and cultivated G. lucidum have been commercially in demand in Indonesia during the past years. Due to their different growing conditions, the wild-grown and cultivated G. lucidum may contain different levels of effective chemical components which affect their quality and medicinal efficacy. This present study was carried out to determine the differences between wild-grown and cultivated G. lucidum which might be useful in exploring the characteristic of chemical compounds of G. lucidum regarding its antioxidant activity. The physicochemical evaluation was determined using gravimetric method. The phytochemical evaluation includes water – soluble polysaccharides, phenolic, and terpenoids content. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the radical scavenging activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical assay. Cultivated G. lucidum from Godean has the highest water – soluble polysaccharides (29.86±2.42 GE, mg/g dw) and phenolic content (5.07±0.39 GAE, mg/g dw) among other studied samples. Whereas, cultivated G. lucidum from Gunung Kidul has the lowest water – soluble polysaccharides (21.65±2.45 GE, mg/g dw) and phenolic content (3.21±0.87 GAE, mg/g dw). Both of wild grown G. lucidum have higher terpenoids content compare to all of cultivated G.lucidum. The cultivated – Godean revealed the highest DPPH scavenging activity (the lowest IC50, 344.15±9.57 µg/mL) among of the studied samples. Hence, the results suggested that G. lucidum contained high metabolites compounds and has a potential natural source of antioxidants.

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