The relevance of the problems presented in the research article is the need to elaborate modern wellness walking programs for people of mature age using a differentiated approach, taking into account the availability and health potential of wellness walk against the background of general problems of hypokinesia and morbidity of the adult working-age population. It is also important that wellness walk is the most accessible type of recreational physical culture, which is able to provide a relatively high functional load. The purpose of the article is to elaborate the wellness walking programs for people of second mature age using a differentiated approach based on different differentiation criteria. The article uses such research methods as literature analysis and pedagogical observation. Application of a differentiated approach to physical education of adults should take into account individual, environmental and social factors. In the context of the purpose of this article, criteria are used that correlate with individual factors, such as a health status and the presence or absence of the most dangerous diseases, and certain individual somatic features of the organism, in particular indicators of body mass, which directly affects the degree of detection of physical abilities. Accordingly, the training programs to wellness walk have been elaborated for people of second mature age, using a differentiated approach based on the criteria of overall health, body mass, and the state of the cardiovascular system. The author presents three wellness walking programs – for healthy people, for people with excess body mass, and for people with a mild form of coronary heart disease. Kenneth Cooperʼs principle was using in the development of programs. These programs regulate the duration of the warm-up, the walking distance, the maximum time for completing the main task, the duration of active rest after its completion, the intensity of walking within the maximum heart rate, and the number of trainings per week at various stages of the programs. Performing wellness walking programs should be taken into account that the training effect depends not only on the distance and duration of walking, but also on its speed. Therefore, the method of individual adjustment of walking speed depending on the width of step and the pace of movement is offered. As the main principle of the proposed programs, a continuous and gradual increase of loads in a five-month cycle is provided. Separate recommendations refer to cases of deterioration of well-being during training and compliance with breathing rules while walking. The elaborated programs may require testing and adjustment.
Study purpose. To study the peculiarities of correlation between the maximum strength development and quantity of kicks in MMA using load regimes of different intensity and energy supply. Materials and methods. 75 athletes aged 19±0.7 practicing MMA for 4±0.8 years were examined and divided into 3 groups. During 12 weeks, group 1 athletes used low-intensity (Rа=0.53) load regime, group 2 – medium-intensity (Rа=0.65) and group 3 – high-intensity (Ra=0.72). The control of attacking kicks (front kick, reverse side kick, roundhouse kick) quantity with maximum force until full muscle fatigue for 20 s allowed to check special training. The level of strength training was evaluated by estimating the maximum strength development (1 RM) indicators. Non-parametric methods of mathematical statistics were used for data processing. Results. The indicators of special training showed the greatest increase by an average of 13.2% in group 3 athletes during 12 weeks. In the other two groups, the dynamics of the controlled indicator was 3.2 times smaller for a similar period of time. The maximum muscle strength indicator increased by 41.9% in group 3 athletes compared to the initial data. These changes are on average 1.5 times higher than the results recorded in athletes of groups 1 and 2. Despite the revealed growth of strength and special training indicators in MMA athletes, there was no strong correlation between them in any research group. Conclusions. Using high-intensity load regime in conditions of anaerobic-alactate mode of energy supply allowed achieving the greatest results in strength and special training indicators. However, the study did not show correlation between the increase in maximum strength development and quantitative indicators of attacking kicks. Further research will be focused on searching for more informative markers for assessing the training of athletes in MMA and adaptation processes using biochemical control methods.
The purpose of the work was to study the features of the influence of power fitness programs different in structure and intensity on the morphometric parameters of the body of women of the second period of adulthood. Materials and methods. We examined 50 women aged 36 to 55 years (the second period of adulthood) who had no contraindications for health reasons to power fitness training. To achieve this purpose, the study participants were divided into 2 research groups (A and B), 25 people each. Each of the groups used the proposed program of power fitness training. Anthropometry and bioimpedancemetry methods were used in the course of the 3-month study to determine the peculiarities of the dynamics of morphometric parameters of the body of women of both groups under conditions of muscular activity of different orientation. Results and discussion. In the process of developing an experimental program of power fitness training for women of the second period of adulthood, mainly the whole training management mechanism was aimed at correcting the parameters of intensity of physical activity, which may allow to maximize the energy potential of the body and the level of functionality in general. Thus, the regulation of the value of load intensity was performed due to the following factors: the level of muscle tension was changed by reducing or increasing the duration of the concentric and eccentric phases of movement; the technique of performing the exercise was partially changed due to the amplitude and position of the body in space; the duration of rest intervals between sets was adjusted; the level of complexity of training exercises complexes and their variability was changed. The use of a generally recognized training program in power fitness, which is based on a set of physical exercises on training devices, helps to reduce the parameters of the circumferential body dimensions of women of the second period of adulthood (group A) by an average of 2.7% (p <0.05). A corresponding tendency towards changes, but with less progression, was revealed when monitoring similar indicators of women in group B. The results of bioimpedancemetry, especially during the second and third months of training, show a decrease by 1.4% (p <0.05) in the indicator of body fat mass in women of group B who in the process of doing fitness used the complex of innovative exercises with own body weight. However, in another group of women, we observe an almost imperceptible tendency towards a decrease in the controlled indicator by 0.2% during two months of power fitness training. A corresponding positive tendency towards changes was revealed in the process of step-by-step control over the indicators of active cell body mass in women of both research groups. Conclusion. The results obtained during the course of research prove that even an anaerobic load under the conditions of using a complex of innovative means of power fitness developed on the basis of exercises with one’s own body weight, but with corresponding changes of kinematic, dynamic and rhythmic characteristics of performance technique contributes to the positive dynamics of morphometric indicators almost in the same range as the load of aerobic orientation when using a generally recognized training program in power fitness with a set of exercises on training devices. At the same time, it was found that under the conditions of using the experimental training program, the level of body fat mass shows the most pronounced tendency towards decrease, regardless of age peculiarities
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