The relevance of the problems presented in the research article is the need to elaborate new conceptual approaches to the physical education of Ukrainian high school pupils against the background of the war and granting Ukraine the status of a candidate for EU membership. The purpose of the article is to study the best practice of school physical education in European countries and outline the ways of its using in Ukraine. The article uses such research methods as methods of information collection and processing, comparative analysis, classification and typology, specification and generalization. The specifics of different concepts of physical education in the EU countries are shown on the example of Germany, France and Italy. The author proved that the German model does not involve state intervention in the regulation of relations in the area of physical education and sports. At the same time, France and Italy represent a model of state regulation of these relations, in the framework of which physical culture is recognizing as having a fundamental social importance for ensuring national-cultural identity. From the pedagogical point of view, in these countries, the health-adaptive model of school physical education takes the leading place, and the sports-recreational model is used as a companion. Germany, as well as the Anglo-Saxon world as a whole, is characterized by a combination of person-oriented and health-adaptive models. Ukraine after gaining independence moved from socially-oriented to a personal-oriented model of school physical education with certain elements of health-adaptive model, which was an imitation of the Anglo-Saxon tradition. Today, solving the task of increasing the level of health and physical readiness of school youth against the background of satisfaction of the public need for reliable provision of national security and protection of the state from aggressive encroachments involves a transition to a socially-oriented model with new content. This model involves the intensification of the educational process, stricter approaches to the physical education of high school pupils in the context of their preparation for potential military service, and emphasis attention on the acquisition of military-applied motor skills. At the same time, it is necessary to preserve the elements of the existing trend towards the liberalization of school physical education, to avoid excessive utilitarian character of the educational process and directive methods of managing educational activity. To implement such a reform, it is important to use European experience. It is primarily about strengthening state support for the industry, expanding the social component in the physical education of high school pupils, developing flexible curricula to which teachers could add their author's components, ensuring the formation of high moral qualities and patriotism in physical culture lessons.
The relevance of the problems presented in the research article is the need to elaborate modern wellness walking programs for people of mature age using a differentiated approach, taking into account the availability and health potential of wellness walk against the background of general problems of hypokinesia and morbidity of the adult working-age population. It is also important that wellness walk is the most accessible type of recreational physical culture, which is able to provide a relatively high functional load. The purpose of the article is to elaborate the wellness walking programs for people of second mature age using a differentiated approach based on different differentiation criteria. The article uses such research methods as literature analysis and pedagogical observation. Application of a differentiated approach to physical education of adults should take into account individual, environmental and social factors. In the context of the purpose of this article, criteria are used that correlate with individual factors, such as a health status and the presence or absence of the most dangerous diseases, and certain individual somatic features of the organism, in particular indicators of body mass, which directly affects the degree of detection of physical abilities. Accordingly, the training programs to wellness walk have been elaborated for people of second mature age, using a differentiated approach based on the criteria of overall health, body mass, and the state of the cardiovascular system. The author presents three wellness walking programs – for healthy people, for people with excess body mass, and for people with a mild form of coronary heart disease. Kenneth Cooperʼs principle was using in the development of programs. These programs regulate the duration of the warm-up, the walking distance, the maximum time for completing the main task, the duration of active rest after its completion, the intensity of walking within the maximum heart rate, and the number of trainings per week at various stages of the programs. Performing wellness walking programs should be taken into account that the training effect depends not only on the distance and duration of walking, but also on its speed. Therefore, the method of individual adjustment of walking speed depending on the width of step and the pace of movement is offered. As the main principle of the proposed programs, a continuous and gradual increase of loads in a five-month cycle is provided. Separate recommendations refer to cases of deterioration of well-being during training and compliance with breathing rules while walking. The elaborated programs may require testing and adjustment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.