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Elaboração de bolo com farinha de Yacon Cake developed with Yacon flour RESUMO A batata yacon apresenta carboidratos na forma de frutooligossacarídeos (FOS

The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of roasted Cashew nuts consumption on biochemical and murinometric parameters in dyslipidemic rats receiving lipid supplementation. Young male rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 10). The Control group (CONT) was treated with water, the Dyslipidemic group (DL) received a high fat content emulsion throughout the experiment, and the Dyslipidemic Cashew Nuts group (DLCN) received the same high fat content emulsion throughout the experiment, yet was treated with Cashew nuts. Body parameters, biochemical, hepatic and fecal fatty acid profiles were all evaluated. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in the DL and DLCN groups as compared to the control group. DLCN and CONT presented no difference in HDL levels. DLCN presented higher glycemia levels than the other groups. There was reduction of body fat in DLCN as compared to other groups, but with higher accumulations of liver fat. DLCN presented a reduction in saturated hepatic fatty acids of 20.8%, and an increase of 177% in relation to CONT; there was also a 21% in increase DL for ω9 fatty acids in comparison to CONT. As for fecal fatty acids, there was a lower concentration of polysaturates in DLCN as compared to the other groups. The data showed that the consumption of Cashew nuts by the dyslipidemic animals treated with a hyperlipidic diet induced greater accumulations of liver fat and worsened glycemic levels, despite having reduced visceral fats and increased fecal fat excretion.

Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an oleaginous fruit source of fatty acids with high levels of neuroprotective phytocomplexes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of reflex and somatic maturation, fatty acid profiles in the brain, and memory in different stages of life in the offspring of dams supplemented with avocado pulp and oil during gestation and lactation. The dams were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15 pups/group), and recieved by gavage supplementation: control group (CG)–distilled water; Avocado Oil (AO)−3,000 mg avocado oil/kg animal weight, and Avocado Pulp (AP)−3,000 mg avocado pulp/kg animal weight. We performed the following tests: Analysis of Somatic Development and Ontogeny of Postnatal Reflex (T0 to T21), the Open Field Habituation Test and the Object Recognition Test (ORT) in the adolescent (T45) and adult (T90) phases. The cerebral fatty acids content was evaluated at times T0, T21, T45, and T90. The results were analyzed using the statistical program GraphPad Prism and significant statistics were considered when p < 0.05. Acceleration of reflex maturation and reflex ontogeny was observed in the offspring of AO and AP fed dams, with the results being more pronounced in the pulp fed group (p < 0.05). All groups presented a decrease in the ambulation parameter in the second exposure to the Open Field Habituation Test, at T45 and T90 (p < 0.05). In the ORT, the AO and AP offspring presented memory improvements in the short and long term in the adult and adolescent phases (p < 0.05). The results of the brain fatty acid profiles presented higher polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content in the AO and AP groups at T21, T45, and T90. The docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) content was higher at T21 (AO and AP), at T45 (AO and AP), and at T90 (AP) (p < 0.05). The arachidonic acid (ARA) content was higher at T45 (AO and AP), and at T90 (AO) (p < 0.05). Maternal supplementation with avocado oil and pulp anticipates reflex maturation and somatic postnatal development, and improves memory during the adolescent and adult phases.

RESUMOO biodiesel é um biocombustível renovável e sustentável. Nas últimas décadas a crescente demanda por energia e a consciência ambiental geraram grande, interesse na obtenção de combustíveis alternativos a partir de recursos renováveis, como o biodiesel. Todo o destaque dado ao novo combustível exige um estudo completo de toda sua cadeia produtiva. Entre as oleaginosas que se destaca, o amendoim é uma alternativa promissora para a obtenção de biodiesel. Nesse sentido, este estudo realizou pesquisa documental sobre a cultura oleaginosa do amendoim (Arachis sp.), pertencente à cadeia produtiva do biodiesel, a qual encontra-se inserida no Plano Nacional de Agroenergia. Considerando os aspectos vegetativos, ecológicos e econômicos da cultura oleaginosa amendoim, em relação à cadeia produtiva do biodiesel assume uma especial importância, em função de estar entre as culturas de ciclo curto. No entanto a viabilidade econômica torna-se um impasse em função das particularidades que envolvem o sistema de produção da cultura. Palavras-chave:Arachis sp. Sustentabilidade. Óleos. Biocombustível. Produção ABSTRACTBiodiesel is a renewable and sustainable fuel. In recent decades the growing demand for energy and environmental awareness generates great interest in obtaining alternative fuels from renewable resources, such as biodiesel. All highlighting the new fuel requires a thorough study of all the productive chain. Among the oil that stands out, the peanut is a promising alternative for obtaining biodiesel. In this sense this study conducted documentary research on the oil crop peanut (Arachis sp.) Belonging to the biodiesel production chain, which is inserted in the National Agro-Energy Plan. Considering the vegetative, ecological and economic aspects of oilseed peanut regarding culture in the biodiesel production chain is of particular importance, due to be among the short cycle crops. However the economic viability becomes a standstill due to peculiarities involving the crop production system.

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