Ensaio recebido em 13 de novembro de 2016, versão final aceita em 23 de maio de 2017. RESUMO:Nesse trabalho propõe-se contribuir com as discussões sobre a exploração sustentável da Caatinga através de uma atualização bibliográfica sobre o tema, destacando a importância desse bioma, suas potencialidades e a necessidade de sua preservação e conservação. Foram abordadas a importância socioeconômica do bioma, as estratégias de subsistência e geração de renda (como o extrativismo e bioprodutos de valor econômico), as políticas públicas e ameaças, além de avaliar o seu uso sustentável. Com base no exposto, compreende-se que o manejo sustentável é uma possibilidade real, tecnicamente comprovada. Faz-se necessário um intenso processo de conscientização e capacitação de todos os atores envolvidos por meio da formulação de políticas públicas, que priorizem a realidade ambiental e socioeconômica do bioma, da geração, sistematização e disseminação de informações, da construção de uma matriz de incentivos adaptados à realidade local e do fortalecimento institucional, como forma de garantir a sobrevivência do ecossistema.Palavras-chave: bioma brasileiro; extrativismo sustentável; semiárido.ABSTRACT: This paper aims to contribute with the discussions about the sustainable exploitation of Caatinga through an updated review of such topic. The research highlights the importance of this biome, thus, proposing its potential, and also the need for its preservation and conservation. This study, more specifically, exposes the socio-economic importance of the biome, on subsistence and income generation strategies, discussing the extraction and bio-products of economic value, public policies and threats, and evaluation of its sustainable use. Thus, considering this discussion it is understood that sustainable management is a real possibility and technically proven. It is necessary an intense process of awareness and training of all involved actors through

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The salinity is one of the agriculture main obstacles worldwide, limiting plant growth and development. However, the use of biofertilizers can be a viable alternative to mitigate the effect of salinity. In this way, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on two jackfruit varieties seedlings formation under the application of common and enriched bovine biofertilizers, respectively. In that sense, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the period of october/2016 to february/2017, in the Federal University of Paraiba (FUPB), in the county of Areia, Paraiba state, Brazil. The substrate was collected from the 10 cm depht of a Distrophic Regolithic Neossol. The experimental design was completely randomized (DCR), in factorial scheme 5x3x2, with three replications, referring to the electrical conductivity levels of the irrigation water (0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m -1 ), two types of biofertilizer (common biofertilizer; enriched biofertilizer; absence of biofertilizer) and two jackfruit varieties (soft and hard jackfruit), packed in black polyethylene bags with a maximum capacity of 3.0 kg, totaling 90 treatments. The biofertilizer was diluted in non-saline water in the proportion of 1:3, it was applied only once to 10% of the volume of substrate, days two before sowing. The studied variables were -leaf area (LR); root area (RA); root diameter (RD); biomass allocation (BA); root dry mass (RDM); dry mass of aerial (AP) part and total dry mass (TDM). Biofertilizers did not inhibit but positively attenuate the harmful effects of excessive salt content in the irrigation water on jackfruit phytomass production. The growth and development of the jacfruits seedlings was positively expressed in the treatments with rich and common biofertilizer, respectively.A salinidade é um dos principais entraves em todo mundo, constituindo-se num dos fatores limitantes ao crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. No entanto, o uso de biofertilizantes pode ser uma alternativa viável para mitigar o efeito da salinidade. Deste modo, objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre a formação de duas

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento pós-colheita dos frutos de goiabas paluma armazenados em temperatura refrigerada a 12 ºC sob diferentes concentrações de coberturas comestíveis a base de fécula de mandioca. Os frutos foram obtidos de um pomar comercial localizado na comunidade de Várzeas no município de Sousa Paraíba, sendo transportadas para o Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande campus Pombal, onde foi conduzido o experimento, realizado em parcelas subdividas em esquema fatorial 4x6 sendo quatro formulações de coberturas (0, 1, 2, e 3% de fécula de mandioca), e seis tempos de armazenamento (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 dias). Foram realizadas as análises de perda de massa; coloração da casca; firmeza do fruto; pH; acidez titulável; sólidos solúveis; razão sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável, ácido ascórbico. Nas condições do experimento, os frutos armazenados sob refrigeração apresentaram vida útil de 15 dias. A fécula de mandioca associado com a refrigeração, retardou o amadurecimento dos frutos, principalmente nos frutos revestidos com 2% da fécula de mandioca, proporcionando um melhor aspecto e conservação, tornando o fruto mais atraente visualmente. Palavras-chave:Armazenamento; Conservação; Psidium guajava L.; Vida útil. Abstract:The objective of this study was to evaluate the post-harvest behavior of "paluma" guava fruits stored at refrigerated temperature at 12ºC and under different concentrations of edible manioc starch based coatings. The fruits were obtained from a commercial orchard located in the community of Várzeas in the municipality of Sousa Paraíba, being transported to the Food Technology Laboratory of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal campus, where the experiment was carried out in subdivide plots in a factorial scheme (0, 1, 2, and 3% cassava starch), and six storage times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days). The mass loss analyzes were performed; shell coloring; firmness of the fruit; pH; titratable acidity; soluble solids; soluble solids ratio and titratable acidity, ascorbic acid. Under the conditions of the experiment, the fruits stored under refrigeration had a shelf life of 15 days. The manioc starch associated with refrigeration delayed fruit ripening, especially in fruits coated with 2% cassava starch, providing a better appearance and conservation, making the fruit more attractive visually.

The salinity is one of the stresses that more limits the income of the agricultural cultures, mainly in areas semiarid as the Northeast, though, it is known that the biostimulants are substances capable to alter the metabolism of the plant and to favor development under adverse conditions of stresses. In this context, it was aimed at with this work to evaluate the initial growth of the passion fruit plant irrigated with saline water and the application of biostimulants. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Campina Grande, campus Pombal, in factorial outline 5 × 3, corresponding to five salinity levels (S1 = 0.3; S2 = 2.3; S3 = 3.3; S4 = 4.3 and S5 = 5.3 dS m-1) and two biostimulants (B1 = Acadian and B2 = Crop Set) and treatment testifies (without an application of biostimulant). The dose used for each product was 4 ml L-1 of Acadian and 3 ml L-1 of Crop Set. It was used seeds of the passion fruit of the variety BRS-giant, sowed in containers of black polypropylene of 400 ml, containing sand and substrate Carolina Soil, in the proportion 1:1. For the 32 days after the sowing was determined the height, the root length, the fresh and dry mass (aerial, root and total) of plants, the biomass production and the index of tolerance the salinity. The data were submitted to the variance analysis of the test F at the level of 5% of probability, and when significant, the averages were submitted to the test Tukey for both factors, saline levels and biostimulants. The use of vegetable biostimulants increases the initial growth of the yellow passion fruit plant. The salinity in the irrigation water attacks the growth, however, I use of the biostimulant Crop Set lessens the harmful effect in passion fruit seedlings.

No Nordeste é habitual suinocultura de subsistência, porém, sabe-se pouco sobre aspectos socioeconômicos. Objetivou-se avaliar a importância socioeconômica da criação de suínos para criadores urbanos, bem como analisar o manejo empregado e os impactos que uma criação extensiva de animais pode causar. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no município de Pombal, Paraíba, aplicando um questionário semiestruturado para 55 produtores de suínos da região. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para traçar o perfil socioeconômico e ambiental das produções. Observou-se que a faixa etária dos criadores varia de 25 a 63 anos, 71,8% são do sexo masculino e 28,2% do sexo feminino, 44,7% são analfabetos ou semianalfabetos. O tempo médio de criação de suínos é de 2 a 4 anos, 61,73% dos criadores fornecem restos de comida como única alimentação. Quanto às dejeções dos suínos, não existe manejo adequado em 100% das instalações, prejudicando as propriedades químicas e biológicas do solo e da água. A falta de assistência técnica e de políticas públicas eficazes faz com que a criação de suínos se torne uma ameaça ao meio ambiente e a própria saúde. Portanto, a infraestrutura da pocilga comunitária dos criadores de suínos de Pombal-PB não atende aos requisitos mínimos de bem estar animal.

This study aims to evaluate the production of biomass of different cattle manure, and biofertilizer concentrations. The experiment was conducted between April and June 2014 in a greenhouse at the seedling production nursery of the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba (PB) state. The experiment was completely randomized in a 5 x 2 factorial design corresponding to five levels of cattle manure (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the substrate volume) in the absence, and the presence of a biofertilizer. The propagation material was giant yellow passion fruits with 95 to 100% of purity purchased in the local market. After 60 days, the following variables were evaluated: root dry matter (RDM), plant dry matter (PDM), root biomass (RB), shoot biomass (SB), plant biomass (PB), biomass percentage (BP), effective leaf area (ELA) and leaf area ratio (LAR). The interaction between cattle manure and fertilizer concentrations was significant for root dry matter, mass of total plant dry matter, root biomass, shoot biomass and total plant biomass. In turn, cattle manure affected significantly biomass percentage, effective leaf area and leaf area ratio. Cattle manure and biofertilizer make the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings feasible.

The salinity is considered one of the main obstacles to agriculture worldwide, constituting one of the limiting factors to the growth and development of the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salinity of irrigation water in the formation of seedlings two varieties of jackfruits, and with the application of common bovine biofertilizer and chemically enriched bovine biofertilizers. In this sense, an experimente was carried in greenhouse conditions, in the period from October 2015 to February 2016, in Areia County, Paraiba State, Brazil. The substrate used was a material collected of the first 10 cm of depth of a Dystrophic Regolitic Entisol. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme 5 × 3 × 2, corresponding to levels of irrigation water saline of 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1, in soil without and with common bovine biofertilizer and enriched biofertilizer, tested with two varieties of jackfruit (jack-soft and jack-hard), and with six replicates. The biofertilizer after dilution in non-saline water (0.5 dS m-1), in proportion of 1:3, where was applied once to 10% of the substrate volume, two days before sowing. The increment of irrigation water salinity inhibited alls variables studied in the jackfruits plants, but with less intensity in the treatments with bovine common biofertilizer.