No abstract

The use of brackish waters is an alternative for the cultivation of fruit-bearing plants in semi-arid regions; nonetheless, sweetsop trees (Annona squamosa L.) are sensitive to these types of waters. However, phosphate fertilization can be a technique used to mitigate the harmful effects of salinity. Thus, our objective was to evaluate the application of phosphorus to mitigate the salinity in irrigation water. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with six treatments S1 (2.5 dS m −1 ) S2 = (4 dS m −1 ), SP1 (2.5 dS m −1 + 1.35 g dm −3 of P 2 O 5 ), SP2 = (4 dS m −1 + 1.35 g dm −3 of P 2 O 5 ), T (control), and P (1.35 g dm −3 of P 2 O 5 ). After 78 days of transplantation, the seedlings were evaluated for the total dry weight (TDW), leaf area (LA), salt tolerance index (STI), water use efficiency (WUE), Na + and K + levels in the shoot and root, chlorophylls a and b, maximum (Fm) and variable (Fv) chlorophyll fluorescence, quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), total soluble sugar (TSS), total free amino acids (TFAA), proline, and glycine betaine (GB). It was observed that plants treated with SP1 and SP2 show higher results of TDW, LA, STI, WUE, and K in the shoot, Chl a, Chl b, Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm, TFAA, proline, GB, and TSS in relation to S1 and S2. The presence of phosphorus under salinity conditions increased the K + concentration in the shoot, which was responsible for the improvement of pigments as well as increasing the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and carbohydrates, maintaining the growth and, consequently, the salinity tolerance of the sweetsop seedlings.

RESUMO

This study aims to evaluate the production of biomass of different cattle manure, and biofertilizer concentrations. The experiment was conducted between April and June 2014 in a greenhouse at the seedling production nursery of the State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Catolé do Rocha, Paraíba (PB) state. The experiment was completely randomized in a 5 x 2 factorial design corresponding to five levels of cattle manure (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% of the substrate volume) in the absence, and the presence of a biofertilizer. The propagation material was giant yellow passion fruits with 95 to 100% of purity purchased in the local market. After 60 days, the following variables were evaluated: root dry matter (RDM), plant dry matter (PDM), root biomass (RB), shoot biomass (SB), plant biomass (PB), biomass percentage (BP), effective leaf area (ELA) and leaf area ratio (LAR). The interaction between cattle manure and fertilizer concentrations was significant for root dry matter, mass of total plant dry matter, root biomass, shoot biomass and total plant biomass. In turn, cattle manure affected significantly biomass percentage, effective leaf area and leaf area ratio. Cattle manure and biofertilizer make the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings feasible.

The production of yellow passion fruit seedlings is common among producers. Low cost techniques to maximize and reduce the cost of production with the application of cattle manure make the production of seedlings feasible. The objective of experiment was to evaluate different concentrations of cattle manure in substrate with and without liquid the biofertilizer in the production of yellow passion fruit seedlings. The experiment was carried out at the Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Catolé do Rocha county, Paraíba state. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with 5 repetitions end 3 plants per plot. The treatments consisted of five concentrations of cattle manure (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80% of the substrate volume), without and with the biofertilizer (10 mL plant-1). Sixty days after sowing, the following items were evaluated: plant height; number of leaves; root length; leaf area; leaf fresh mass; stem fresh mass; root fresh mass; aerial part fresh mass; total plant fresh mass; aerial part dry mass, and the Dickson quality index. The concentrations between 38 and 69% of composted cattle manure combined with the application of liquid biofertilizer increased the initial growth of yellow passion fruit plants, making its use feasible in the production of seedlings.

Chilli tolerance (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to different concentrations of NaCl-of irrigation water Tolerancia a la salinidad de chiles (Capsicum annuum L.) sometidos a diferentes concentraciones de NaCl-en agua de riego

Meloidogyne paranaensis is a species of root‐knot nematode that affects coffee (Coffea arabica L.) tree growth by causing severe damages to the plant root. This study evaluated the agronomic performance of Coffea arabica progenies in an M. paranaensis‐infested field and assessed the compatibility of resistant C. arabica genotype 28‐I‐4 (GEN28) as rootstock for susceptible cultivars. Experiment 1: under field conditions, six progenies were analyzed; the controls were ‘IPR100’ as resistant and ‘Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144’ (CtV144) as susceptible. Experiment 2: under greenhouse conditions, combinations of grafts and rootstocks between susceptible CtV144 and GEN28 were evaluated regarding their resistance to M. paranaensis alongside their noninoculated counterparts. For this, M. paranaensis reproduction factor (RF), total population of the nematode per gram of root system, growth parameters, gas exchange, and water potential (ψpd) were evaluated. In Experiment 1, resistant C. arabica progenies were more vigorous, productive, and showed a population of M. paranaensis threefold‐times lower than that observed in roots of susceptible CtV144. Among the resistant progenies selected in the field experiment, GEN28 was chosen for physiological compatibility study with the traditional cultivar CtV144. In Experiment 2, the CtV144 grafted onto GEN28 led to resistance to M. paranaensis, as well as a higher leaf area and ψpd as compared with nongrafted CtV144. Therefore, the GEN28 holds suitable characteristics to be used as a new Coffea arabica rootstock applied to production of resistant seedlings to Meloidogyne paranaensis nematodes. This technology represents an alternative to keep up coffee activity in infested areas.

As altas temperaturas e baixa pluviosidade salinizam água e solo na Região Nordeste, ocasionando redução no desenvolvimento de diversas espécies, dentre elas, o feijoeiro fava. Para tanto, objetivou-se avaliar variedades de feijão-fava submetidas a níveis de salinidade e adubação orgânica. O estudo foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, nas dependências da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, campus Pombal. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, disposto em esquema fatorial 3x4x5, sendo: três variedades de feijão-fava (V1: lavandeira; V2: raio-de-sol e V3: rajada), quatro volumes de esterco bovino (A1: 0%-sem adubação; A2: 8%; A3: 16% e A4: 24%), aplicados em função do volume de solo do recipiente e cinco níveis de salinidade na água de irrigação (S 1 = 0,3 dSm-1 ; S 2 = 1,0 dSm-1 ; S 3 = 1,7 dSm-1 ; S 4 = 2,4 dSm-1 e S 5 = 3,1 dSm-1). A variedade Raio de Sol apresentou maior crescimento em relação às demais, entretanto a cultivar Rajada apresentou maior aclimatização às condições salinas, principalmente com uso do esterco bovino na concentração de 24%. O esterco bovino atenua o efeito nocivo da salinidade, entretanto doses acima de 16% de esterco em altas salinidades podem ser prejudiciais ao feijoeiro-fava. Palavras-chave: água salina; comportamento vegetativo; manejo orgânico; esterco; Phaseolus lunatus L.