Melon is one of the most important vegetables for the Brazilian foreign trade. However, in semi-arid areas, the irregular rainfall, excessive use of fertilizers and, especially, poor quality water contribute to the soil salinization, becoming a limiting factor and damaging the photosynthetic apparatus, as well as affecting yield. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological behavior of melon cultivars submitted to soil salinity. For that, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a randomized block experimental design, in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with the first factor related to melon cultivars (Iracema, Goldex and Natal) and the second one related to soil salinity levels (0.3 dS m-1, 1.3 dS m-1, 2.3 dS m-1, 3.3 dS m-1 and 4.3 dS m-1 of electrical conductivity), with four replications. For soil salinization, a saturation extract with initial soil salinity of 0.3 dS m-1 was obtained, while the other levels were prepared by adding NaCl to the soil. The physiology of melon plants is negatively affected by the increased salinity in the soil. The evaluated cultivars do not show differences in tolerance for the physiological response to soil saline stress.
With the scarcity of good quality water, it is necessary to use irrigation as an alternative for agricultural production in semi-arid regions. However, its use depends on the development of technologies that minimize the deleterious effect of salinity present in irrigation water. Thus the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide via seed treatment on the physiological, growth and quality responses of Embrapa 51 cashew rootstock irrigated with waters of different salinities. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment of the Federal University of Campina Grande of the Agro-Food Science and Technology Center, Pombal campus, where a randomized block design was used in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications and two plants, with water salinity of 0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m -1 associated with the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide H2O2 (0; 10; 20 e 30 µM). The different concentrations of H2O2 were obtained from the dilution in distilled water of the 1 M hydrogen peroxide solution.Gas exchange, fresh and dry mass formation and quality of cashew rootstock are reduced by increasing salinity of irrigation water, however irrigation with water of 1.68 dS m -1 , promotes acceptable reductions of 10% in the cashew morphology of "Embrapa 51". In general, the use of the 10% concentrations of hydrogen peroxide provides the greatest accumulations of phytomass and quality of cashew rootstocks.
The melon is an outstanding fruit crop in Brazil, mainly in the Northeast region due to favorable conditions for cultivation. Water salinity affects the growth and production of several species, but there is tolerance among cultivars of the same species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and gas exchange in melon seedlings subjected to water salinity. Experiment was carried out in a greenhouse belonging to the Center of Sciences and Agri-Food Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal, PB, Brazil, from September to October 2016. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 6 x 5 factorial scheme, with four replicates, for six cultivars of melon (Natal, Solares, Goldex, Iracema, Mandacaru and Amarelo Ouro) and five irrigation water salinity levels with the following electrical conductivities: 0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1. Each experimental unit consisted of a polypropylene container with a volume capacity of 0.350 dm3, which contained soil + Basaplant® commercial substrate at a ratio of 2:1. At 25 days after sowing, the plants were evaluated for growth, gas exchange and dry mass accumulation. Increased salinity of irrigation water inhibits the growth, dry mass accumulation and physiological processes of melon cultivars. The cultivar Natal showed to be more tolerant, while the cultivars Solares, Goldex, Iracema and Mandacaru were moderately sensitive and the cultivar Amarelo Ouro was more sensitive to the salinity of irrigation water.
A Sapindus saponaria L. é uma espécie que possui propagação apenas por sementes e sua taxa de germinação é relativamente moderada a baixa. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar diferentes tratamentos pré-germinativos na superação da dormência de sementes desta espécie. O trabalho foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, em Pombal, Paraíba. As sementes foram desinfestadas com hipoclorito a 2% durante cinco minutos, lavadas em água corrente e submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos pré-germinativos: sementes intactas (testemunhas - T1); escarificação manual com auxílio de lixa d`água nº 100 no lado oposto à micrópila (T2); escarificação química por meio da imersão em ácido sulfúrico a 98% Pa, durante 10, 30 e 60 minutos (T3, T4 e T5, respectivamente) e escarificação física por meio da imersão em água quente a 80 ºC por cinco minutos, seguida de choque térmico em água gelada a 5 ºC por mais cinco minutos (T6). Empregou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As sementes foram submetidas aos testes de emergência em areia, índice de velocidade de emergência, altura de planta, comprimento de raiz, massa seca da parte aérea e de raiz e porcentagem de sementes duras. O emprego da escarificação manual com lixa d'água nº 100 no lado oposto à micrópila das sementes é o tratamento recomendado por ser mais simples e de maior eficiência, visando a preservação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes e um melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo.
ÍNDICES FISIOLÓGICOS E CRESCIMENTO DE PORTA-ENXERTOS DE CAJUEIRO SOB ESTRESSE SALINO E CONCENTRAÇÕES DE PROLINA LEANDRO DE PÁDUA SOUZA1; REGINALDO GOMES NOBRE2; HANS RAJ GHEYI1; REYNALDO TEODORO DE FATIMA1; GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA1 E GENILSON LIMA DINIZ3 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Aprígio Veloso, 882, Universitário, 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. E-mail:. engenheiropadua@hotmail.com; hans@agriambi.com.br; reynaldo.t16@gmail.com; geovanisoareslima@gmail.com 2 Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia (DCT), Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido. Centro Multidisciplinar de Caraúbas, BR 233, km 01, Sítio Esperança II, Zona rural, Caraúbas - RN, CEP 59780-000. E-mail: reginaldo.nobre@ufersa.edu.br 3 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Jairo Vieira Feitosa, 1770, Pereiros, 58840-000, Pombal, Paraíba, Brasil. E-mail. genilsondiniz02@hotmail.com 1 RESUMO Na região semiárida a baixa disponibilidade de água de boa qualidade tem se tornado um sério problema para expansão da agricultura, sendo necessário o uso de água com teores elevados de sais. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar os índices fisiológicos e crescimento de clones de cajueiro submetidos à diferentes salinidades da água e aplicação exógena de prolina. O trabalho foi conduzido em condições de casa de vegetação em delineamento de blocos casualizados, distribuídos em fatorial 5 x 4 x 2, correspondente a cinco níveis de condutividades elétricas da água - CEa (0,3; 1,0; 1,7; 2,4 e 3,1 dS m-1), quatro concentrações de prolina - CP (0; 4; 8 e 12 mM) e dois clones de cajueiro (CCP 76 e Faga 11) com três repetições e duas plantas por parcela. A irrigação com água salina limita os índices fisiológicos dos porta-enxertos de cajueiro, no entanto, a CEa de até 2,3 dS m-1 promoveu reduções aceitáveis de menos de 10% nestas variáveis. O clone CCP 76 se destacou apresentando maior alocação de fitomassa seca de folha. A aplicação de prolina na concentração de 7,4 mM promoveu maior alocação de fitomassa seca de caule dos porta-enxertos de cajueiro irrigados com águas salinas. Palavras-chave: Anacardium occidentale L., escassez hídrica, atenuante SOUZA, L. de P; NOBRE, R. G; GHEYI, H. R; FATIMA, R. T. de; LIMA, G. S. de; DINIZ, G. L. PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES AND GROWTH OF CASHEW CLONES UNDER SALT STRESS AND PROLINE APPLICATION 2 ABSTRACT In the semi-arid region, the low availability of good quality water has become a serious problem for the expansion of agriculture, requiring the use of water with high levels of salts. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the physiological indices and growth of cashew clones subjected to different salinity of water and exogenous application of proline. The study was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a randomized block design, distributed in a factorial 5 x 4 x 2, corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of the water - ECw (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1), four proline concentrations - PC (0; 4; 8 and 12 mM) and two cashew clones (CCP 76 and Faga 11) with three replicates and two plants per plot. Irrigation with saline water limits the physiological indices of cashew rootstocks; however, ECw up to 2.3 dS m-1 promoted acceptable reductions of less than 10% in these variables. Clone CCP 76 stood out with greater allocation of phytomass. The application of proline at a concentration of 7.4 mM promoted a greater allocation of stem dry phytomass of the cashew rootstocks irrigated with saline water. Keywords: Anacardium occidentale L., water scarcity, mitigating
The Brazilian Northeast region suffers from some abiotic stresses that are responsible for the loss of agricultural production, such as long drought periods and high evapotranspiration, associated with the quality of the water, which induces the use of saline water as an alternative for the expansion of irrigated areas, and silicate fertilization contributes to reduce the effects of salinity under the Northeastern semi -arid conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the osmotic potential and physiological indices of yellow passion fruit seedlings under irrigation water salinity and silicate fertilization. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions at the Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal -PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme, relative to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water - ECw (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1) and five doses of silicate fertilization (0; 25; 50; 75 and 100 g silicon per plant) in four replicates and two plants per plot. The application of 50, 75 and 100 g silicon per plant reduced the osmotic potential in the leaf tissues of ‘Gigante Amarelo’ passion fruit plants. Water salinity lower than 1.3 dS m-1 resulted in an increase in chlorophyll b content; increase in carotenoid content was observed in plants subjected to silicon doses of 25 and 100 g per plant. Salinity levels above 1.1 dS m-1 compromised the performance of photosystem II of passion fruit plants when subjected to silicon doses.
The semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil is characterized by long drought periods, and the use of saline waters appears as an alternative for the expansion of irrigated areas. Associated with the use of these waters, silicon fertilization constitutes an important attenuator of salt stress. In this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the phytomass production and quality of the passion fruit cultivar ‘Gigante Amarelo’ grown with saline water and silicon fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a plant nursery belonging to the Center of Agrifood Science and Technology, in the municipality of Pombal-PB. A completely randomized block design in a 5 x 5 factorial scheme was used, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.3, 1.0, 1.7, 2.4, and 3.1 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon fertilization (0; 25; 50; 75, and 100 g of potassium silicate/plant), with four replications and two plants per plot. The phytomass accumulation (leaves, stem, and roots), as well as the total dry phytomass, shoot dry phytomass, root/shoot ratio, and the quality index of Dickson were evaluated. The data obtained were subjected to the F-test at 0.01 and 0.05 level of probability. The electrical conductivity of water from 0.3 dS m-1 caused the decrease of phytomass production in seedlings of the passion fruit cultivar ‘Gigante Amarelo’, although it is possible to produce good quality passion fruit seedlings with water salinity up to 3.1 dS m-1. The doses of silicon fertilization mitigated the effect of salt stress on the root/shoot ratio of plants of the passion fruit cultivar ‘Gigante Amarelo’.
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