RESUMOA melancia é uma das hortaliças mais consumidas e produzidas no Brasil. Assim sendo, objetivou -se avaliar diferentes substratos e níveis de água disponíveis na produção de mudas de melancia. O experimento foi conduzido no período de junho a agosto de 2016, numa estufa agrícola, adotando-se o sistema DIC, com arranjo fatorial 7x2, sendo sete substratos S1 = 100% solo, S2 = 75% solo +25% esterco bovino; S3 = 75% solo + 25% húmus; S4 = 50% solo + 50 % E. B.; S5 = 50% solo + 50% húmus; S6 = 25 % solo + 75% E. B.; S7 = 25% solo + 75% húmus, e dois níveis de água no substrato: 50 e 100% da água disponível do substrato, com 4 repetições, totalizando 56 unidades experimentais. As melhores mudas formaram -se nos substratos contendo 75% de matéria orgânica e 25% de solo, sendo o esterco bovino o substrato mais eficiente na retenção e uso da água em comparação aos húmus de minhoca. A redução de 100% para 50% de água disponível no substrato reduziu a produção de mudas. As plantas submetidas a déficit hídrico (50% água disponível no substrato) apresentaram melhor eficiência do uso da água em comparação com aquelas formadas com 100% de água disponível. Palavras-chaves:Citrulluslunatus, estresse hídrico, insumos orgânicos.
The salinity is one of the agriculture main obstacles worldwide, limiting plant growth and development. However, the use of biofertilizers can be a viable alternative to mitigate the effect of salinity. In this way, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on two jackfruit varieties seedlings formation under the application of common and enriched bovine biofertilizers, respectively. In that sense, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the period of october/2016 to february/2017, in the Federal University of Paraiba (FUPB), in the county of Areia, Paraiba state, Brazil. The substrate was collected from the 10 cm depht of a Distrophic Regolithic Neossol. The experimental design was completely randomized (DCR), in factorial scheme 5x3x2, with three replications, referring to the electrical conductivity levels of the irrigation water (0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m -1 ), two types of biofertilizer (common biofertilizer; enriched biofertilizer; absence of biofertilizer) and two jackfruit varieties (soft and hard jackfruit), packed in black polyethylene bags with a maximum capacity of 3.0 kg, totaling 90 treatments. The biofertilizer was diluted in non-saline water in the proportion of 1:3, it was applied only once to 10% of the volume of substrate, days two before sowing. The studied variables were -leaf area (LR); root area (RA); root diameter (RD); biomass allocation (BA); root dry mass (RDM); dry mass of aerial (AP) part and total dry mass (TDM). Biofertilizers did not inhibit but positively attenuate the harmful effects of excessive salt content in the irrigation water on jackfruit phytomass production. The growth and development of the jacfruits seedlings was positively expressed in the treatments with rich and common biofertilizer, respectively.A salinidade é um dos principais entraves em todo mundo, constituindo-se num dos fatores limitantes ao crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. No entanto, o uso de biofertilizantes pode ser uma alternativa viável para mitigar o efeito da salinidade. Deste modo, objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre a formação de duas
Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) is a horticultural crop of great socioeconomic importance in Brazil and in the world. However, inappropriate fertilization management, such as over-fertilization of soils, may become a limiting factor for its development. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morpho-physiological behavior of zucchini submitted to nitrogen (N) doses applied via soil and foliar application of silicon (Si). The treatments were distributed in split-plot scheme in a randomized block design, with three replications. The plot was formed by silicon levels (0.0 and 6.0 g plant-1) and the subplots constituted by five nitrogen levels (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha-1), adding up to 30 experimental units. Gas exchanges and growth parameters were assessed at 35 days after planting. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test and in the cases of significance was performed a polynomial regression analysis for the nitrogen factor and Tukey test for the silicon factor. The supply of Si positively enhances the effects of N on growth characteristics and gas exchanges of zucchini. The simultaneous application of Si and N does not influence the leaf area of zucchini. The N dose of 93.9 kg ha-1 provides greater assimilation of CO2 in zucchini plants under the conditions in which the experiment was performed.
The salinity is considered one of the main obstacles to agriculture worldwide, constituting one of the limiting factors to the growth and development of the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salinity of irrigation water in the formation of seedlings two varieties of jackfruits, and with the application of common bovine biofertilizer and chemically enriched bovine biofertilizers. In this sense, an experimente was carried in greenhouse conditions, in the period from October 2015 to February 2016, in Areia County, Paraiba State, Brazil. The substrate used was a material collected of the first 10 cm of depth of a Dystrophic Regolitic Entisol. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme 5 × 3 × 2, corresponding to levels of irrigation water saline of 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1, in soil without and with common bovine biofertilizer and enriched biofertilizer, tested with two varieties of jackfruit (jack-soft and jack-hard), and with six replicates. The biofertilizer after dilution in non-saline water (0.5 dS m-1), in proportion of 1:3, where was applied once to 10% of the substrate volume, two days before sowing. The increment of irrigation water salinity inhibited alls variables studied in the jackfruits plants, but with less intensity in the treatments with bovine common biofertilizer.
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