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Purpose: To investigate the sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsant activities of the ethanol extract of the roots of the Flemingia chappar (ERFC) on the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. Methods: The ethanol extract of the roots of F. chappar in doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, p.o., was studied in mice for its sedative effect by evaluating its locomotor activity; its hypnotic effect was assessed by measuring pentobarbital-induced sleeping time, while anticonvulsant effect was determined by evaluating its activity on maximal electroshock-induced and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. The latency of tonic convulsions and number of animals protected from tonic convulsions were noted. Results: ERFC (200 -600 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased locomotor activity. ERFC also produced dose-dependent prolongation of pentobarbitone sleeping time. In addition, ERFC (400 and 600 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the duration of seizure induced by maximal electroshock (MES), The same dose also protected from pentylenetetrazol-induced tonic seizures and significantly (p < 0.05) delayed the onset of tonic seizures. Conclusion:The results indicate that the ethanol root extract of F. chappar has sedative and anticonvulsant activities, thus justifying its use in traditional medicine for epilepsy

Free radicals are reactive molecules involved in many physiological processes and have been associated with many diseases, such as ageing, cancer, arthritis and liver injury and cardiac complications. The total phenolics content were found to be 34.4±0.10 and 27.6±1.20 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g and total flavonoids contents, total tannin contents were 24.7±0.25 & 18.1±1.20 RE/g and 12.31±0.25 & 9.48±1.85 GAE/g, respectively of polyherbal formulations (HAF-I & HAF-II). Free radical scavenging activity was determined according to the elimination of DPPH radicals and total phenol content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu reaction. The relative antioxidant ability of the polyherbal formulations were investigated through two in vitro models, such as antioxidant capacity by radical scavenging activity using, α, α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) methods. The extracts were used at concentration 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg/mL concentrations and radical scavenging activity was determined in terms of inhibition percentage. The IC50 (concentration required for 50% inhibition) were calculated for each radicals. The present study was designed to evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of hydro-alcoholic extracts of polyherbal formulations (HAF-I & HAF-II) various in vitro models using Ascorbic acid and Rutin as a reference. The In vitro free radical DPPH activities were found to 74.17±0.18 & 75.30±0.18 and NO antioxidant activity were found to 75.3±1.10 & 76.17±1.24 at maximum concentration of 100 μg/mL. The In vitro anti-oxidant activity of these polyherbal formulations may be due to the presence of polyphenols.

Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) belongs to moraceae family of Indian medicinal plants. Black mulberry has significant anticancerous, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antiobesity activities. Rutin marker was used for high performance liquid chromatography technique. We used gallic acid and quercetin for phenolic compound determination and flavonoid content determination in plant leaf extract. Plant extract of this species was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively through high pressure liquid chromatography. Rutin compound was the main marker, which is a flavonoidal compound. Standard solution (1 mg/mL) of rutin was prepared by using CH3OH. Methanol:water (80:20, v/v) ratio was used to dissolve powdered M. nigra plant leaves (100 mg), in which 0.01 mg/g rutin content was found. Total phenolic content in M. nigra was found 43.15 ± 0.68 mg/g GAE (gallic acid equivalents). Total flavonoid content in M. nigra was found 5.8 ± 0.46 mg/g QE. It was found that the M. nigra has not significant rutin potency and found to be as 0.01 mg/g.