Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) belongs to moraceae family of Indian medicinal plants. Black mulberry has significant anticancerous, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antiobesity activities. Rutin marker was used for high performance liquid chromatography technique. We used gallic acid and quercetin for phenolic compound determination and flavonoid content determination in plant leaf extract. Plant extract of this species was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively through high pressure liquid chromatography. Rutin compound was the main marker, which is a flavonoidal compound. Standard solution (1 mg/mL) of rutin was prepared by using CH3OH. Methanol:water (80:20, v/v) ratio was used to dissolve powdered M. nigra plant leaves (100 mg), in which 0.01 mg/g rutin content was found. Total phenolic content in M. nigra was found 43.15 ± 0.68 mg/g GAE (gallic acid equivalents). Total flavonoid content in M. nigra was found 5.8 ± 0.46 mg/g QE. It was found that the M. nigra has not significant rutin potency and found to be as 0.01 mg/g.
The current objective of this study was to assess the patient's knowledge and attitudes toward the drugdrug interactions, a survey instrument included questions about the patient's demographic information, familiarity with drug-drug interactions, usage of other system of medicines and the patient's comfort level when discussing drug-drug interactions.76% believed that drugs won't produce any interactions with other drugs. 58% of participants indicated that they were taken both allopathic and other system of medicines without the notification of physician. 64% of the respondents were stated that they were not able to communicate with the physician properly. The result of the current study reveals that the patients not having enough knowledge about drug-drug interactions and further indicates that the communication issue is a major factor for the drug-drug interactions. Hence the remedy suggested for reducing the drug-drug interactions are to enhance the time of counseling, and providing seminars, awareness, and programs regarding the need of effective communication and drug-drug interactions information to the overall population.
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