The purpose of the article is to analyse the relationship between the GDP volume index and the volume of freight and the number of passengers transported by water in Ukraine in the system of sustainable development goals. The article examines the dynamics of changes in GDP and the situation in the field of maritime and inland water transport in Ukraine. This provided an opportunity to develop an economic and mathematical model of the relationship between the GDP volume index, the volume of freight, and the number of passengers transported by water in Ukraine. Based on the developed economic and mathematical model, the authors predict possible changes in the GDP volume index under the influence of changes in the volume of freight and passenger transported by water transport in Ukraine. The authors propose to increase the values of indicators 9.1.2 and 9.1.3 in the framework of task 9.1 (SDG 9) precisely by increasing the volume of transportation of goods and passengers by water transport. According to the authors, this is most consistent with the conditions of target indicator 8.1.1 (SDG 8) increasing.
Topicality. Today the ability to create and apply innovative technologies largely determines the competitiveness of both individual economic entities and the economy as a whole, ensuring the economic power of the state and the prosperity of its citizens. One of the most urgent tasks in Ukraine today is the introduction of such an approach to the management system of innovative potential of human resources, which could ensure a sufficiently high level of development of the market of innovative technologies, combining economic interests of the state and business with interests of employees and society as a whole. In turn, it will increase the country's innovation potential. Aim and tasks. This research aims to improve the theoretical and methodological provisions for defining the economic essence of the concept of "innovative potential of human resources" as one of the main components of innovation potential. Under the aim, the following tasks were identified: 1) to explore the definitions of some economic categories that preceded the emergence of the concept of "innovative potential of human resources"; 2) to determine the main aspects of increasing the human role in the modern economic system; 3) to offer the author's approach to the definition of such a category as "innovative potential of human resources"; 4) to consider the basic structural elements of the innovative potential of human resources. Research results. The definitions of some economic categories that preceded the emergence of the concept of "innovative potential of human resources" were explored in this article. The results of our analysis show that we can identify six main aspects of increasing the role of man in the modern economic system: innovative, economic, administrative, social, political, and psychological. The category of "innovative potential of human resources" we mean as a set of interconnected both quantitative and qualitative characteristics, opportunities, intellectual and creative abilities of personnel that can be realized in specific economic, social, political, historical, organizational, technical, and spiritual conditions to ensure the achievement of the goals of innovative development of economic entities (countries) in order to make a profit and/or achieve certain social effects. The innovative potential of human resources can be considered at the level of the country, territory, business entity, and individual employee and consist of such basic structural elements as a physiological, educational, intellectual, professional, and socioeconomic component. The state of development of the innovative potential of human resources, depending on the level, can be characterized by several special indicators. These components, in our opinion, have priority in the formation, use, and restoration of innovative potential of human resources, which allows us to offer them as a basis for its economic evaluation. Conclusion. The results of our research allowed us to draw the following conclusions: 1) innovative potential of human resources as a structural element of economic and innovative potentials of the territory determines the formation, use, and development of other components of such a system; 2) the author's approach to the definition of innovative potential of human resources is offered in the work, which we mean a set of interconnected both quantitative and qualitative characteristics, opportunities, intellectual and creative abilities of personnel that can be realized in specific economic, social, political, historical, organizational, technical and spiritual conditions to ensure the achievement of the goals of innovative development of economic entities (countries) in order to make a profit and/or achieve certain social effects; 3) for the development of the innovation system it is necessary to constantly increase the level of innovative potential of human resources, maintaining and developing it. Further research in this area will allow us to identify the main problems and develop recommendations, on that base, to increase the level of innovative potential of human resources in the context of the development of the market of innovative technologies in Ukraine.
Introduction. In order to function successfully in the market, the water transport business entities, in addition to material and financial resources, need the utilization of their internal unique capabilities in the existing business environment, which determine the competitive potential.Problem Statement. The successful operation and development of water transport requires the development of a scientific approach to utilizing its competitive potential in the country’s economic security system.Purpose. The purpose of this research is to form a conceptual model of the utilization of competitive potential of water transport in the economic security system of the Black Sea region.Material and Methods. We have used the following methods: system structural, abstract logical analysis, grouping, and economic mathematical modeling, for studying the essence and structure of the competitive potential of water transport, for assessing its utilization in security system of the Black Sea region.Results. The essence of the category “competitive potential of water transport” has been determined. The structure of the competitive potential of water transport has been studied, and the conceptual model of its use in the economic security system has been developed. Based on the proposed conceptual model, the utilization of the competitive potential of water transport in the economic security system has been assessed by the example of the Black Sea region.Conclusions. In order to enhance the competitive potential of water transport of Ukraine and the level of its utilization, in the context of economic security, it has been proposed to stimulate an increase in the number of ship calls to the ports of Ukraine and the number of Ukraine-flagged vessels belonging to domestic businesses and to create favorable conditions for the development of the shipbuilding industry of Ukraine.
The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine led to the destruction of critical infrastructure, the termination of port operations in Ukraine, the disruption of regional logistics, the rise in fuel prices, and the increase in ship and cargo insurance costs. It contributed to the restriction of trade in the Black Sea region. The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine hinders trade and changes logistics in and throughout the Black Sea region. As a result, the search for alternative trade routes for Ukrainian goods quickly increased the demands on land and sea transport infrastructure and services. The work aims to identify trends in developing the main segments of the Ukrainian sea freight transportation market in current business conditions. To solve the tasks, the following methods were used: comparative analysis and grouping - in the study of general trends of the Ukrainian sea freight transportation market; systemic structural analysis - when studying the state and determining the prospects of tanker, container, and dry cargo transportation in Ukraine. An analysis of the general trends of the Ukrainian sea freight transport market was carried out. In addition, the state and prospects of tanker, container, and dry cargo transportation in Ukraine have been studied in detail. The tanker transportation sector was the most affected. Tanker transportation in Ukraine was suspended. Shipping companies engaged in the transportation of containers have stopped work in Ukrainian seaports. At the same time, a slight increase in the volume of container transportation was observed in the ports of countries bordering Ukraine. The complete blockade of Ukrainian seaports and the destruction and damage of infrastructure facilities made it impossible for dry cargo ships to reach Ukrainian ports. With Ukrainian seaports blocked and port operations suspended, grain exports from Ukraine were limited to shipments through western borders, rail, and small ports. The issue was partially resolved only within the framework of signing documents regarding the implementation of the Initiative on the safe transportation of agricultural products from three Ukrainian ports. The article outlines the critical factors in developing the maritime cargo transportation market in Ukraine during the post-war period of economic development.
The armed aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, which began in February 2022, led to a complete blockade of Ukrainian seaports, the destruction and damage of infrastructure facilities, and made it impossible for cargo ships to enter Ukrainian ports. However, the number of cargo ship calls to ports has increased in other countries, especially in Europe, although they have yet to reach the levels that existed before the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, terminal operators, government authorities, and shipping companies took measures to deal with port congestion amid the containment of the COVID-19 pandemic, which forced ships to spend more time in slower ports.
Purpose. The work aims to build a profile of the competitive strategy of inland water transport of Ukraine and its economic justification. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the fundamental scientific principles of general economic theory and transport economics, works by domestic and foreign scientists in the field of competitive strategies, economic justification of competitive strategy profiles, and sustainable economic development. We used methods such as “SNW”, “SPACE”, and “ADL” to solve the tasks of our research. The information base of the study consists of: collected, processed, and summarized primary materials of economic research, official statistics, monographs, and scientific and analytical articles of domestic and foreign authors. Findings. The work determines the economic essence of the competitive strategy profile. The profile of the Ukrainian inland water transport competitive strategy was constructed. The profile by the method of “SNW” was analyzed and economically justified by the “SPACE” and “ADL” methods. In the context of European integration, a system of strategic recommendations for the Ukrainian inland water transport competitive strategy formation was proposed. Originality. In this work, the methodological approach to building a profile of competitive strategy of inland water transport of Ukraine was further developed, which, in contrast to existing methods, includes critical elements of competitive potential, such as natural resource, production, labor, institutional, innovation and investment ones. This allows a comprehensive assessment of the results of economic threats and dangers in its use. The proposed system of recommendations for forming a competitive strategy, which will allow positioning Ukraine’s inland water transport in the European market of transport services in terms of European integration. Practical value. The presented results of the study can be used to improve the management system of Ukrainian inland waterway transport, in particular, in the part of selecting the most appropriate models of financing costs for the implementation of competitive strategies of water transport in Ukraine in the conditions of structural changes in the macro-environment in the context of overcoming the consequences of military aggression in the period of post-war recovery of Ukraine.
У післявоєнний період галузь морського транспорту в Україні потребуватиме не тільки відновлення, а й значної модернізації, бо в умовах глобалізації ланцюжків поставок морський транспорт є одним з надважливих компонентів економічного зростання та забезпечення національної безпеки держави. Мета роботи полягає у виявленні залежності між рентабельністю діяльності підприємств водного транспорту України і кількості суден, які ходять під прапором України. Для вирішення поставлених завдань використовувались такі методи: системно-структурний, абстрактно-логічний аналіз і групування – при дослідженні структури морського торгового флоту України; економіко-математичного моделювання – при побудові залежності рентабельності діяльності підприємств водного транспорту України від кількості суден, які ходять під прапором України. В статті досліджено структуру морського торгового флоту України за типами суден їх брутто-реєстровим тоннажем та дедвейтом, визначено його частку в структурі світового флоту. Проведено аналіз середнього віку та ступеня зносу суден морського торгового флоту України. Побудовано залежність рентабельності діяльності підприємств водного транспорту України від кількості суден, які ходять під прапором України. Вказана залежність була записана математично та представлена графічно. Нами було досліджено щільність зв’язку між рентабельністю діяльності підприємств водного транспорту України і кількості суден, які ходять під прапором України. Для перевірки якості побудованої моделі нами було розраховано ключові показники та проведено ряд спеціальних тестів. З метою підвищення конкурентного потенціалу водного транспорту України в статті розроблено рекомендації щодо збільшення кількості сучасних високоефективних суден торгового флоту які ходять під прапором України, що є необхідною умовою для підвищення конкурентного потенціалу водного транспорту, економічного зростання, та забезпечення національної безпеки України у післявоєнний період.
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