This study aimed to evaluate the application of synbiotic containing multispecies of probiotics with different cell densities in white shrimp rearing against infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus coinfection. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. One additional replication of each treatment was provided for the lethal sampling. Pacific white shrimp were fed with three dosages of synbiotic multispecies for 30 days, namely 10 3 CFU mL −1 (Sin 3), 10 6 CFU mL −1 (Sin 6), and 10 9 CFU mL −1 (Sin 9), and the controls without synbiotic administration consisted of the positive control (K +) and the negative control (K −). Pacific white shrimp from all treatments, except for the K − , were challenged with IMNV a dose of 100 µL and 10 6 CFU mL −1 V . parahaemolyticus, injected intramuscularly. Infected Pacific white shrimp showed clinical signs like anorexia, melanosis, empty gut, colorless hepatopancreas, and white necrotic areas in striated skeletal muscles, especially of the distal abdominal segments and uropod. The results showed that administration of synbiotic for 30 days resulted in higher immune parameters, such as total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase activity (PO), respiratory bursts (RB), and total viable bacterial count (TBC) compared to K + /K − . After coinfection, they showed significantly higher levels for THC, PO, RB, gene expression prophenoloxidase (ProPO), and lipopolysaccharide and β-1.3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP), better clinical signs, and lower mortalities. Sin 9 treatment significantly showed the highest survival rate (SR) compared to the other treatments.

Chicken is one of the important protein source in Indonesia. Moreover, the largest population of chicken layer and poultry in Indonesia is known situated at West Java province with Bogor manicipality as the main producer. The aims of this study were to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry and layer farm in Bogor. The study also identified gene encoded the resistance. Cloacal swab samples were collected from chicken broiler and layer farm in Bogor manicipality. The samples were then cultured in Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) medium to obtain S. aureus. Suspected colony was then confirmed by biochemical test. Positive strains were tested against several antibiotics and the diameter of clear zone arround of colony was interpreted based on Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Furthermore, the DNA from resistant strains were then extracted, followed by detection of the resistance gene by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A total of 14 isolates of S. aureus were positive from poultry farm, and 15 isolates from layer farm. Most of all were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin and nalidixic acid. On the other hands, several strains were sensitive to gentamycin and chloramphenicol. The study showed 28 isolates out of them were multi-drug resistant. Resistant gene such as blaTEM, gyrA and tetA were also identified in some isolates except for ErmB gene which was found in isolates originated from poultry farm. In conclussion, S. aureus in both farm showed mostly multi-drug resistant to several antibiotics which were supported by identification of resistant gene among isolates.

Resistansi bakteri terhadap antimikrob telah menjadi permasalahan global. Pengujian resistansi antimikrob bakteri dari hewan penting dilakukan terutama dengan adanya resistansi antimikrob pada manusia yang diduga bersumber pada ternak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis gambaran resistansi Escherichia coli (E. coli) yang diisolasi dari feses sapi terhadap berbagai antimikrob, yaitu aztreonam, basitrasin, sefpodoksim, enrofloksasin, fosfomisin, gentamisin, dan kloramfenikol. Uji resistansi antimikrob dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer. Hasil uji diinterpretasi menurut Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Isolat E. coli asal feses sapi yang diperiksa resistan terhadap aztreonam (40%), sefpodoksim (40%), fosfomisin (50%), basitrasin (100%), dan gentamisin (10%). Isolat E. coli sebanyak 30% memiliki kepekaan intermediat terhadap fosfomisin. Seluruh isolat sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol (100%), dan sebagian besar sensitif terhadap enrofloksasin (90%) dan gentamisin (90%). Isolat E. coli yang resistan terhadap aztreonam dan sefpodoksim diduga berfenotip extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Pengobatan infeksi E. coli pada sapi harus memperhatikan gambaran resistansi isolat terhadap antimikrob.

No abstract

Masalah resistensi Escherichia coli (E. coli) terhadap antibiotik telah banyak dilaporkan. Peningkatan kasus resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik dapat dilihat dari banyaknya laporan bahwa terdapat antibiotik yang sudah tidak efektif lagi terhadap suatu bakteri patogen. Pola penggunaan antibiotik di Indonesia dan negara-negara lain semakin meningkat dan banyak diantaranya masih digunakan secara tidak tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari gambaran kepekaan E. coli dari ayam broiler terhadap sefpodoksim, sefoksitin, sulfametoksazol-trimetoprim, kolistin sulfat, seftizoksim, aztreonam, dan nitrofurantoin dari peternakan ayam broiler di Desa Bojongkerta Kabupaten Sukabumi Jawa Barat. Pengujian resistensi antibiotik menggunakan metode difusi cakram menurut Kirby-Bauer. Hasil uji kepekaan isolat E. coli menunjukkan bahwa isolat E.coli dalam penelitian ini telah resisten terhadap sefpodoksim, sefoksitin, sulfametoksazol-trimetoprim, seftizoksim, aztreonam, dan nitrofurantoin. Namun tidak menunjukkan hasil terhadap kolistin sulfat.