Immune response, gene expression, and intestinal microbial composition of Pacific white shrimp fed with multispecies synbiotic for the prevention of coinfection disease

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the application of synbiotic containing multispecies of probiotics with different cell densities in white shrimp rearing against infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus coinfection. This study used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications. One additional replication of each treatment was provided for the lethal sampling. Pacific white shrimp were fed with three dosages of synbiotic multispecies for 30 days, namely 10 3 CFU mL −1 (Sin 3), 10 6 CFU mL −1 (Sin 6), and 10 9 CFU mL −1 (Sin 9), and the controls without synbiotic administration consisted of the positive control (K +) and the negative control (K −). Pacific white shrimp from all treatments, except for the K − , were challenged with IMNV a dose of 100 µL and 10 6 CFU mL −1 V . parahaemolyticus, injected intramuscularly. Infected Pacific white shrimp showed clinical signs like anorexia, melanosis, empty gut, colorless hepatopancreas, and white necrotic areas in striated skeletal muscles, especially of the distal abdominal segments and uropod. The results showed that administration of synbiotic for 30 days resulted in higher immune parameters, such as total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase activity (PO), respiratory bursts (RB), and total viable bacterial count (TBC) compared to K + /K − . After coinfection, they showed significantly higher levels for THC, PO, RB, gene expression prophenoloxidase (ProPO), and lipopolysaccharide and β-1.3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP), better clinical signs, and lower mortalities. Sin 9 treatment significantly showed the highest survival rate (SR) compared to the other treatments.

Field Testing of Dual-species Synbiotic Microcapsules during IMNV Disease Outbreak and Fluctuate Weather: Growth Performance and Immune Response in Vaname Shrimps

“…Probiotics reported to have a significant effect on the immune response and growth of vaname shrimp include Bacillus cereus BR2, Bacillus sp. NP5, Pseudoalteromonas piscisida 1UB and Vibrio alginolyticus SKT-B (Hamsah et al 2019;Setiyaningsih et al 2018;Tambun 2021;Utomo 2022;Widanarni et al 2009).…”

“…1UB bacteria are Gram-negative bacteria with the ability to produce antibacterial, algicidal, antifungal, agarolytic, cytotoxic, antiviral and digestive enzymes (Hamsah et al 2019;Kalinovskaya et al 2004;Pujalte et al 2007). P. piscicide 1UB bacteria have been widely used and are known 3 to be able to improve the growth performance of vaname shrimp, increase the immune response of larvae and vaname shrimp, inhibit the growth of Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria (Hamsah et al 2019;Pardede 2022;Utomo 2022;Widanarni 2009). Meanwhile, BR2 bacteria are Gram-positive bacteria with the ability to produce extracellular enzymes such as amylase, protease and lipase, thereby increasing feed digestibility for their hosts (Setiyaningsih et al 2018;Solikhin 2016;Widanarni et al 2012).…”

“…Meanwhile, BR2 bacteria are Gram-positive bacteria with the ability to produce extracellular enzymes such as amylase, protease and lipase, thereby increasing feed digestibility for their hosts (Setiyaningsih et al 2018;Solikhin 2016;Widanarni et al 2012). B. cereus BR2 has also been widely utilized and is known to improve the growth performance and immune response of vaname shrimp and inhibit the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria (Utomo 2022;Zefinna 2021).…”

“…Microencapsulation using the spray dryer method is the most economical encapsulation method compared to other methods with dry, stable products and high productivity (Frakolaki et al 2021). Application of synbiotic microcapsules on a laboratory scale has been carried out (Pardede 2022;Utomo 2022). Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of dualspecies synbiotic microcapsules on growth performance and immune response in vaname shrimp in field testing.…”

Mini-review utilization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus virulence coding genes for early detection of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)

“…Several things are still obstacles to achieving the national shrimp production target, both for export needs and domestic shrimp consumption. Various types of infectious diseases due to viral and bacterial infections are still the main obstacles to white shrimp cultivation in Indonesia (Munaeni et al, 2014;Nurhayati et al, 2015;Febrianti et al, 2016;Yunarty et al, 2016;Utomo et al, 2023).…”