Chicken is one of the important protein source in Indonesia. Moreover, the largest population of chicken layer and poultry in Indonesia is known situated at West Java province with Bogor manicipality as the main producer. The aims of this study were to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry and layer farm in Bogor. The study also identified gene encoded the resistance. Cloacal swab samples were collected from chicken broiler and layer farm in Bogor manicipality. The samples were then cultured in Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) medium to obtain S. aureus. Suspected colony was then confirmed by biochemical test. Positive strains were tested against several antibiotics and the diameter of clear zone arround of colony was interpreted based on Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. Furthermore, the DNA from resistant strains were then extracted, followed by detection of the resistance gene by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. A total of 14 isolates of S. aureus were positive from poultry farm, and 15 isolates from layer farm. Most of all were resistant to tetracycline, ampicillin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin and nalidixic acid. On the other hands, several strains were sensitive to gentamycin and chloramphenicol. The study showed 28 isolates out of them were multi-drug resistant. Resistant gene such as blaTEM, gyrA and tetA were also identified in some isolates except for ErmB gene which was found in isolates originated from poultry farm. In conclussion, S. aureus in both farm showed mostly multi-drug resistant to several antibiotics which were supported by identification of resistant gene among isolates.
West Java province has largest population of chicken poultry, with Bogor, Sukabumi, and Cianjur has highest chicken population. Farmers used antibiotics for prophylaxis and therapy to maintain the production. However, extensive use of antibiotic increased the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp, and Klebsiella spp are the example of flora normal in chicken that affected with abusive use of antibiotic. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. isolated from cloacal swab of chicken poultry in 3 regions. Total of 320 samples were collected and the positive number of S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp were 61, 8, and 58 isolates respectively. The result of antibiotics susceptibility test showed that S. aureus was resistant to ampicillin (98%), erythromycin (95%), nalidixic acid (93%), tetracycline (92%), oxytetracycline (90%), enrofloxacin (69%), and ciprofloxacin (56%). Streptococcus spp. was resistant to tetracycline (100%) and doxycycline (87.5%). Klebsiella spp. was resistant to erythromycin (100%), ampicillin (94.83%) oxytetracycline (93.10%), tetracycline and nalidixic acid (89.66%), enrofloxacin (86.21%), and ciprofloxacin (81.03%). S. aureus, Streptococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. has a high level of resistance to antibiotics and most of the isolates were multi-resistant.
Broiler chicken is one of the most common forms of protein in Indonesia. Sukabumi and Cianjur are two of the province of West Java’s top producers of broiler chickens. Farmers nonetheless use antibiotics for prevention, treatment, and growth enhancement. The objective of this investigation is to detect antibiotic resistance and the related resistance gene. The cloacal swab samples were determined to be Staphylococcus aureus by biochemical and molecular assays. Against the positive S. aureus strains, the antibiotics tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol were evaluated. The colony’s obvious inhibitory zone was evaluated in accordance with the 2018 Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute recommendations (CLSI 2018). After extracting the DNA from resistant strains, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was employed to identify the resistance gene. The total number of S. aureus isolates from both regions was 26, with 14 coming from Sukabumi and 12 from Cianjur. The vast majority were resistant to the vast majority of antibiotics used in broiler farms including several medicines. These samples carried the genes blaTEM, gyrA, tetA, and ermB for antibiotic resistance.
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