BackgroundA person-list-based family medicine model was introduced in Turkey during health care reforms. This study aimed to explore from primary care workers’ perspectives whether this model could achieve the cardinal functions of primary care and have an integrative position in the health care system.MethodsFour groups of primary care workers were included in this exploratory-descriptive study. The first two groups were family physicians (FP) (n = 51) and their ancillary personnel (n = 22). The other two groups were physicians (n = 44) and midwives/nurses (n = 11) working in community health centres. Participants were selected for maximum variation and 102 in-depth interviews and six focus groups were conducted using a semi-structured form.ResultsData analysis yielded five themes: accessibility, first-contact care, longitudinality, comprehensiveness, and coordination. Most participants stated that many people are not registered with any FP and that the majority of these belong to the most disadvantaged groups in society. FPs reported that 40-60% of patients on their lists have never received a service from them and the majority of those who use their services do not use FPs as the first point of contact. According to most participants, the list-based system improved the longitudinality of the relationship between FPs and patients. However, based on other statements, this improvement only applies to one quarter of the population. Whereas there was an improvement limited to a quantitative increase in services (immunisation, monitoring of pregnant women and infants) included in the performance-based contracting system, participants stated that services not among the performance targets, such as family planning, postpartum follow-ups, and chronic disease management, could be neglected. FPs admitted not being able to keep informed of services their patients had received at other health institutions. Half of the participants stated that the list-based system removed the possibility of evaluating the community as a whole.ConclusionsAccording to our findings, FPs have a limited role as the first point of contact and in giving longitudinal, comprehensive, and coordinated care. The family medicine model in Turkey is unable to provide a suitable structure to integrate health care services.

Background: The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for cervical cancer for women in Izmir. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive field covered a population of 4319 women of reproductive age (15-49) (household registration in the Mukhtar's office-2007). A total of 1,637 women were included in the sample given a four-part questionnaire through face-to-face interview by visiting the women in their homes in order to determine socio-demographic factors, obstetric history, genital hygiene and the use of family planning methods. In addition, during the data collection process, the women were given group training in order to raise awareness of cervical cancer. The number and percentage distributions of the data were calculated. Results: While the average age of the women was 31.9±9.77 (Min: 15.00-Max: 49.00), education level of 43.4% of them was elementary school only. It was determined that 70.3% of the women experienced at least one pregnancy, 71.0% had vaginal delivery and 75.9% used a contraceptive method. In the study it was determined that among the cervical cancer related risks vaginal delivery, vaginal lavage and having three or more pregnancies had the highest rates, while having sexual intercourse before 16 years of age and having more than one sexual partner constituted lower rates. The rate of the women who stated not having a smear in the last three years was 82.4%. Conclusions: Considering the case in terms of having Pap smear test, women's awareness on the risk factors and early diagnosis of cervical cancer was found to be low. Due to this reason, awareness of women has to be raised through education.

The aim of this randomized-controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive intervention to reduce children's environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure at their home compared with a minimal intervention. The target population of the study was the mothers of children aged 1-5 who lived in the Cengizhan district of Izmir in Turkey, who smoked and/or whose spouses smoked. It was found that at least one parent of a total of 182 children smoked and 80 of these mothers were taken into stratified sampling based on the number of the smoking parents. Mothers were visited at their homes. During the initial visit, they were educated and urine samples were taken from their children. Following this initial visit, mothers were randomized to the intensive intervention (n = 38) or the minimal intervention group (n = 40). The levels of cotinine in the intensive intervention (P = 0.000) and minimal intervention (P = 0.000) groups in the final follow-up were significantly lower than the initial levels. The proportion of mothers reporting a complete smoking ban at home in the final follow-up was higher in the intensive intervention group than the minimal intervention group (P = 0.000). The education provided during the home visits and the reporting of the urinary cotinine levels of the children were effective in lowering the children's exposure to ETS at their home.

Bu çalışma, ebelik öğrencilerinin profesyonel değer algılarını ve etkileyen bazı faktörlerini incelenmek amacı ile yapılmıştır. Kesitselanalitik tipteki araştırmaya 324 ebelik öğrencisi katılmıştır. Veriler 2017 yılında kişisel bilgi formu ve "Ebelerin Profesyonel Değerleri Ölçeği (EPDÖ)" ile toplanmıştır. EPDÖ'den alınan bireyin ölçek puanı (min.20max.100) arttıkça profesyonel değer algısı yükselmektedir. Veriler, SPPS 16.0 programında ortalama, t testi ve varyans testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yaş ortalamaları 20.4±2.0 (min.18-max.50)'dır. Öğrencilerin %49.4'ününb ölümü kendi isteği ile seçtiği ve %63.0'ünün mesleği kendilerine uygun bulduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin ölçek puan ortalamaları 87.2±1.0 (min.60-max.100)'dir. Eğitime başladıktan sonra mesleğe karşı olumlu görüşe sahip olan, ikinci ve dördüncü sınıfta okuyan, herhangi bir sağlık kurumunda, doğumhanede ve aile sağlığı merkezinde uygulamaya çıkan öğrencilerin profesyonel değer algıları yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Sınıf düzeyi, eğitimden sonraki mesleki düşünce, herhangi bir sağlık kurumunda, doğumhanede ve aile sağlığı merkezinde uygulamaya çıkma durumunun, öğrencilerin profesyonel değer algılarını arttırdığı görülmüştür.

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Objective: This study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitudes of midwifery, nutrition-dietetic, and nursing students at Ege University about natural functional foods. Materials and Methods:This descriptive study included all senior midwifery, nutrition-dietetics, and nursing students at Ege University in the 2019-2020 academic year. Of all 442 senior students in these departments, 384 (86.9%) could be reached. The dependent variables were knowledge and attitude regarding functional foods. Knowledge was defined as having heard of and giving at least five examples of functional foods. The attitude was evaluated through the Attitude Towards Functional Foods Scale. The sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and the perceptions of health were independent variables. Data were collected through a questionnaire and the attitude scale. Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used for the data analyses.Results: More than half of the students stated that they had never heard of the term 'functional food' previously; 37.5% could not give an example for functional foods. Nutrition dietetics students were able to give more examples of functional foods than nursing and midwifery students (p<0.001). The most known functional foods were yogurt, kefir, whole grains, citrus fruits, herbal tea, and fish. Those who had more control over their health thought that functional foods were more beneficial (p=0.027). There was a positive correlation between the level of knowledge and attitude scores. Conclusion:This study revealed that although students' attitudes towards functional foods were positive, they did not have sufficient knowledge about them.

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