The complex multi-gear, multi-species tropical fisheries in developing countries are poorly understood and characterising the landings from these fisheries is often impossible using conventional approaches. A rapid assessment method for characterising landings at fish markets, using an index of abundance and estimated weight within taxonomic groups, is described. This approach was developed for contexts where there are no detailed data collection protocols, and where consistent data collection across a wide range of fisheries types and geographic areas is required, regardless of the size of the site and scale of the landings. This methodology, which was demonstrated at seven fish landing sites/fish markets in southern Indonesia between July 2008 and January 2011, provides a rapid assessment of the abundance and diversity in the wild catch over a wide variety of taxonomic groups. The approach has wider application for species-rich fisheries in developing countries where there is an urgent need for better data collection protocols, monitoring future changes in market demographics, and evaluating health of fisheries.
Tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis) merupakan komoditas perikanan ekonomis penting. Di Selat Malaka sumber daya tongkol komo merupakan stok bersama antara Indonesia dan Malaysia yang telah dimanfaatkan secara intensif dengan berbagai alat tangkap. Dalam rangka pengelolaan sumber daya ikan tongkol komo di Selat Malaka supaya tetap lestari, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai parameter populasi, aspek biologi dan aspek penangkapan. Penelitian dilakukan secara observasi, enumerasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai berbagai parameter populasi; panjang maksimum tercapai (L) = 64,25 cmFL, laju pertumbuhan (K) = 0,96/tahun, laju kematian alami (M) = 1,38 /tahun, laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) = 1,41/tahun, panjang pertama tertangkap (Lc) = 34,5 cmFL dan panjang pertama matang gonad (Lm) = 41,02 cmFL dan laju pengusahaan (E) = 0,50. Dari aspek biologi diperoleh; nisbah kelamin betina : jantan =1 : 1,15, puncak gonad matang dan indek kematangan gonad terjadi pada Maret dan November, mangsa dominan ikan teri (Stolephorus sp.). Alat tangkap utama untuk penangkapan tongkol komo berupa pukat langgai (purse seine). Nilai CPUE tertinggi diperoleh pada Juli dengan musim penangkapan terjadi pada periode April-Juli. Kontribusi tangkapan ikan tongkol komo sebesar 17,42-27,20 % dari total tangkapan ikan. Jenis ikan tangkapan utama yang berinteraksi dengan tongkol komo adalah kembung (Rastrelliger sp.) dan layang (Decapterus sp). Parameter yang bersifat negatif terhadap kelestarian populasi ikan tongkol komo, seperti ukuran ikan dan hasil tangkapan per unit usaha nilainya kecil. Parameter yang bersifat positif antara lain; rasio antara nilai kematian alami dengan nilai laju pertumbuhan masih dalam kisaran normal dan nilai tingkat pengusahaan masih dalam kisaran optimum. Penangkapan ikan tongkol komo di Selat Malaka masih dalam keadaan normal, tetapi perlu pengawasan terhadap mata jaring dan alat tangkap yang digunakan serta aktifitas penangkapan pada musim pemijahan. Adanya interaksi dengan jenis ikan pelagis kecil dan dominasi ikan teri dalam isi lambung, sehingga dalam pengelolaan ikan tongkol komo harus dilakukan bersama dengan kedua komoditi. Mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis) is an important economic fishery commodity. In the Malacca Strait, mackerel tuna resource is a share stock between Indonesia and Malaysia that has been used intensively with various fishing gear. In order to manage the fish resources of mackerel tuna in the Malacca Strait to be sustainable, this research is conducted with the aim of obtaining information on parameteer population, biology aspects and fishing aspects. The research was conducted by observation, enumeration and interview. The results showed the values of various population parameters: length infinity (L”) = 64.25 cmFL, growth rate (K) = 0.96/year, natural mortality rate (M) = 1.38 /year, capture mortality rate (F) = 1.41 /year, length of first captured (Lc) = 34.5 cmFL and length of first maturity (Lm) = 41.02 cmFL and exploitation rate (E) = 0,50. Biological aspect was obtained; sex ratio female : male = 1: 1.15, peak of mature gonad and index gonad maturity occurred in March and November, main prey are anchovy (Stolephorus sp.). The main fishing gear for catching mackerel tuna is purse seine. The highest CPUE value was obtained in July with the fishing season occurring in the April-July period. The contribution of catch mackerel tuna are 17.42-27.20 % of the total catch of fish. The main species of fish that interact with mackerel tuna are mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) and sardine (Decapterus sp). Negative parameters to sustainability of mackerel tuna population such as fish size and catch per unit effort are small. Positive parameters are the ratio between the value of natural mortality and the rate of growth is still within the normal range and the level of exploitations rate is still within the optimum range. The fishing of mackerel tuna in the Malacca Strait is still in normal condition, but it is necessary to monitor of the nets mesh size and fishing gear used and fishing activity on spawning season. The existence of interaction with small pelagic fish species and the dominance of anchovy in the contents of the stomach, so that in the management of mackerel tuna fish should be done together with the two commodities.
Ikan tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis) termasuk salah satu ikan pelagis ekonomis penting yang tertangkap di Laut Jawa. Data dan informasi tentang ikan tongkol komo di Laut Jawa masih terbatas, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian biologi ikan ini. Penelitian beberapa aspek biologi ikan tongkol komo dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai Desember 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui beberapa aspek biologi tongkol komo yang meliputi hubungan panjang dan berat, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, ukuran rata-rata pertama kali tertangkap dan ukuran rata-rata pertama kali matang gonad dan kebiasaan makan. Pengukuran panjang ikan dilakukan secara acak proporsional, sampel ikan dibedah untuk mengetahui kematangan gonad, nisbah kelamin, dan jenis makanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebaran frekuensi panjang ikan tongkol komo antara 13-55 cm dengan modus 25 cm. Pertumbuhan tongkol komo bersifat isometrik dan perbandingan jumlah kelamin jantan dan betina menunjukkan nisbah kelamin dalam kondisi seimbang. Ukuran rata-rata pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) dengan mini purse seine adalah 31,75 cm. Ukuran rata-rata pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) adalah 33,7 cm. Ikan tongkol komo tergolong ikan karnivora yang mangsanya meliputi berbagai jenis ikan dan moluska.
Information on exploitation status of fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema tetradactylum Shaw, 1804) is important for sustainable gillnet fisheries management in Tarakan, North Kalimantan waters. In an attempt of providing scientific data and information on the exploitation status of this species, a research work was conducted from January to November 2016 in Selumit landing place. Fish sampling was done by trained enumerator on bottom gillnet catches landed through semi-regular observation. A total of 1964 specimens were collected and measured. The results showed that the size ranged between 16-70 cmFL with an average of 37.72 ± 0.36 cmFL. The length at first captured (Lc) of about 38.5 cmFL, was smaller than the length at first mature of female (Lm) of 39.6 cmFL. The growth pattern was negative allometry. By applying von Bertalanffy growth model, it was found that growth model for this species was L(t)=75,8(1-e0,3(t+0,035)). Exploitation rate (E) was 0,47. It showed that the exploitation status of fourfinger threadfin in Tarakan Waters was still sustainable.
Udang windu merupakan salah satu komoditas ekonomis di Indonesia dan sudah dimanfaatkan serta dikembangkan cukup lama di perairan Tarakan sehingga perlu upaya pengelolaan dengan salah satu dasar kajian biologinya. Penelitian ini membahas beberapa aspek biologi udang windu, meliputi hubungan panjang-berat, nisbah kelamin, kematangan kelamin, serta ukuran rata-rata tertangkap dan matang kelamin. Penelitian dilakukan pada selama bulan Januari-November 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, dari 2208 ekor contoh udang windu yang dianalisa, ukuran yang tertangkap berkisar antara 21,9-63 mmCL serta hubungan panjang-bobot menyatakan pola pertumbuhan isometrik. Musim pemijahan diduga terjadi sepanjang tahun dengan puncak pemijahan pada bulan Maret-April dan September. Nisbah kelamin udang berada dalam kondisi tidak seimbang dan didominasi oleh betina. Rata-rata ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) adalah pada panjang karapas 40,69 mmCL serta rata-rata ukuran matang gonad (Lm) udang betina adalah 33,58 mmCL. Tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon, Fabricus, 1789) was one of economic commodity of shrimp in Indonesia and had been exploited and developed for long time so that necessary management measure based on biology study. The aim of the research was to study of biology aspects of tiger shrimp such as length-weigth relationship, sex ratio, maturity stage and length of first capture (Lc) and length of first maturity (Lm). The research were carried out from January to November 2016 using survey method and the enumeration programme. The result of 2.208 sample of tiger shrimp analyzed showed that size of tiger shrimp between 21.9-63 mmCL with the growth follows a isometric trend. Spawning season occurs throughout the year with peak season in March-April and September. Sex ratio was in an unbalanced condition dominated by females. The length of first capture (Lc) was 40.69 mmCL and length of first maturity (Lm) was 33.58 mmCL.
Perikanan neritik tuna di perairan Barat Sumatera berkembang pesat beberapa dekade terakhir ini. Sementara belum banyak diperoleh hasil penelitian tentang populasi ikan tongkol lisong (Auxis rochei). Penelitian tentang parameter populasi dan pola rekruitmen ikan tongkol lisong dilakukan pada bulan Februari-Desember 2013 di beberapa lokasi pendaratan ikan di Barat Sumatera. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh laju pertumbuhan, panjang asimptotik, laju kematian, laju eksploitasi, dan pola rekruitmen ikan tongkol lisong (Auxis rochei). Estimasi parameter populasi menggunakan model analitik berdasarkan program “Electronic Length Frequency Analysis (ELEFAN 1)”. Data frekuensi panjang dikumpulkan berkesinambungan di beberapa tempat pendaratan utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan panjang cagak ikan tongkol lisong yang tertangkap berada pada kisaran 11-42 cmFL. Parameter pertumbuhan Von Bertalanffy diperoleh nilai laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0,54/tahun, panjang asimptotik (L ) sebesar 43,5 cm FL, dan umur ikan pada saat panjang ke-0 (-t0) sebesar -0,076/tahun. Laju mortalitas total (Z) sebesar 1,96/tahun. Laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) sebesar ,07/tahun, dan laju kematian alami (M) 0,89/tahun. Laju eksploitasi (E) tongkol lisong di Barat Sumatera adalah 0,49/tahun atau berada pada tingkat eksploitasi moderat. Pola rekrutmen tongkol lisong terjadi dua kali dalam setahunnya, yaitu mencapai puncak pada bulan Maret dan Juni.Neritic tuna fishery in theWest Sumatra waters was developed very intensively in the captured.Meanwhile, study population of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) in those are still limited. Research in population parameters and recruitmen pattern of bullet tuna has been conducted in February-December 2013 based on several landing place inWest Sumatra. The aim of this study is to obtain asymptotic length, mortality rate, exploitation rate, and recruitment pattern of bullet tuna (Auxis rochei). Estimation of population parameters using an analytical model based on the program “Electronic Length Frequency Analysis (ELEFAN 1)”. Length frequency data collected continuously in themain landing places The results showed the fork length of bullet tuna was caught in the range 11-42 cm FL. Von Bertalanffy growth parameters obtained the growth rate value (K) of 0,54/year, asymptotic length (L ) of 43,5 cm FL, and fish age when the length to the-0 (-t0) of -0,076/year. Total mortality was 1,96/year. Fishing mortality rate (F) was 1,07/year and natural mortality rate (M) 0,89/year. The exploitation rate (E) of bullet tiuna in West Sumatra was 0,49 / year or are at a moderate level of exploitation. Recruitment patterns of bullet tuna happen twice in a year, which reached a peak in March and June.
Pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan pelagis kecil di Laut Cina Selatan wilayah Indonesia (luasnya sekitar 595.000 km2), khususnya di perairan pantai Kalimantan Barat dengan sasaran utamanya ikan kembung (Rastrelliger brachyosoma) pada tahun 1991 telah mencapai 94% dari rata-rata hasil tangkapan maksimum lestari. Perkembangan penangkapan ikan pelagis kecil ke arah lepas pantai yang dirintis oleh armada pukat cincin Pekalongan sejak tahun 1985 di perairan Pejantan telah diikuti oleh nelayan Kalimantan Barat, khususnya di Pemangkat pada tahun 1990. Jumlah kapal pukat cincin Pemangkat yang pada tahun 1995 hanya enam unit, pada tiap tahunnya meningkat sampai mencapai 48 unit pada tahun 2003. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran perikanan pelagis kecil yang berbasis di Pemangkat dengan alat tangkap pukat cincin. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan pada data log book tiap trip kapal pukat cincin pada periode tahun 2004 - 2006. Hasil tangkapan pukat cincin didominansi oleh ikan pelagis kecil, terutama 2 jenis ikan layang (Decapterus russelli dan D. macrosoma), bentong (Selar crumenophthalmus), banyar (Rastrelliger kanagurta), dan tembang (Sardinella gibbosa), serta jenis-jenis ikan lainnya yang bernilai ekonomis. Hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis kecil bervariasi menurut musim, yaitu paling tinggi pada musim peralihan 1 dan peralihan 2, serta paling rendah pada musim barat. Catch per unit of effort jenis-jenis ikan pelagis kecil dari tahun 2005 - 2006 pada umumnya cenderung turun, diduga akibat tingginya jumlah upaya dari banyak armada pukat cincin lain, baik dari wilayah Indonesia maupun dari luar negeri. Exploitation of small pelagic fish resources in the South China Sea of Indonesian region (around 595,000 km2) especially in the coastal waters ofWest Kalimantan Province which short bodied mackerel (Rastrelliger brachyosoma) as the main target had reached at a rate of 94% of the average of maximum sustainable yield. The development of fishing on small pelagic fishes toward off shore pioneered by purse seine fleet of Pekalongan (north coast of Java) since 1985 then followed by fishermen of West Kalimantan, especially in Pemangkat in 1990. The number of purse seine of Pemangkat that only 6 units in 1995 increased every year up to 43 units in 2003. The aim of this research was to describe small pelagis fishery in the Pemangkat landing site by purse seine. Analysis was conducted based on log book data of purse seiners during the period of 2004 to 2006. During the period of 2004 to 2006, the catch of Pemangkat purse seine was mostly small pelagic fish mainly composed of 2 species of scads (Decapterus russelli and D. macrosoma), big eye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus), Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta), and fringerscale sardine (Sardinella gibbosa), also the other economic fishes. Both the catch varied between moonson. The highest catch was during the two intermoonsons and the lowest catch was during the west moonson. Catch per unit of effort of the small pelagic fishes from 2005 to 2006 mainly decreased, since the high amount of the efforts from purse seine fleets of the other locations of Indonesia as well as foreign countries.
Sumberdaya udang barong lumpur (Panulirus polyphagus Herbst, 1793) atau dalam bahasa lokal dikenal sebagai lobster Pakistan telah dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu komoditas yang bernilai ekonomis di perairan pulau Sebatik, Kalimantan Utara. Data statistik perikanan menunjukkan produksi udang barong di perairan Timur Kalimantan tahun 2005 – 2015 meningkat pesat dengan kelipatan 10 kalinya. Terkait dengan fenomena tersebut, penelitian tentang aspek biologi populasi telah dilakukan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan November 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan parameter populasi sebagai landasan untuk mengetahui status stok pada tingkat pemanfaatan terkini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan udang betina tertangkap pada ukuran rata-rata 86,9+ 8,58 mmCL sedangkan udang jantan pada ukuran 81,5 + 9,63 mmCL. Pola pertumbuhan udang jantan dan betina bersifat allometrik negatif (b<3). Estimasi panjang asimtotis (CL) sebesar 124,1 mm dengan laju pertumbuhan (K) 0,598/tahun. Rata-rata ukuran pertama tertangkap (CLc) adalah 84,5 mmCL. Nilai tersebut lebih rendah dari pertama kali matang gonad (CLm) sebesar 90,74 mmCL. Laju kematian total (Z) sebesar 2,26/tahun, laju kematian alamiah (M) 0,87/tahun serta laju kematian akibat penangkapan (F) 1,39/tahun. Estimasi laju eksploitasi cenderung mengarah kepada penangkapan berlebih (E = 0,61), oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan tindakan pengelolaan melalui pendekatan pengendalian upaya penangkapan dan pembatasan ukuran minimum yang boleh ditangkap. Mud spiny lobster (Panulirus polyphagus Herbst, 1793) or locally known as Pakistan lobster has been exploited as an important economic species in the waters of Sebatik Island, North Kalimantan. The best available capture fisheries statisticon 2005-2015 indicates the production of marine lobster were significantly increased by 10. Based on this phenomenon, observations on biological aspects were carried out during period of March to November 2016. The aim of this study were to estimate of stock status under existing fisheries condition. The result showed that the average size of females was 86.9+ 8.58 cmCL and males was 81.5 + 9.63 mmCL. The growth pattern indicates allometric negative (b<3). Population parameter performed by length based analysis indicates that asymptotic length (CL) was 124.1 mmCL with growth rate (K) of 0.598/yr.The average size of first capture (Lc) was estimated at 84.5 mmCL. This value was less than average size of first mature (CLm) of 90.7 cmCL.The predicted annual total mortality rates (Z) was 2.26/yr, the natural mortality (M) was 0.87/yr, and fishing mortalities (F) was 1.39/yr. The exploitation rates (E) of 0.61 tend to be beyond the sustainable exploitation level. To reduce the fishing mortality, the initiative of specific local management plan on restructuring active fleet and establishing minimum legal size should be implemented.
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