Background & Objective:The risk of restenosis and other adverse cardiovascular events with bare-metal stents have increased with smaller stent diameters and longer stent lengths. However, the exact impact of stent size on the short-term outcomes of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantations has not been much classified in Pakistani population. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of size (length and diameter) of Drug Eluting Stents on Clinical outcomes in patient with stable coronary artery disease at three months of implantation in Pakistani Population.Methods:This is a prospective study which was carried out in the Department of Cardiology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from April 2011 and July 2012. All consecutive patients with stable coronary disease undergoing Percutaneous Intervention (PCI) with DES implantation at Cardiology Unit Lady Reading Hospital, were included prospectively. Clinical outcomes (Myocardial infarction [MI], unstable angina[UA], and positive ETT) at three months stratified by 3 tertiles of stent length and diameter each, were measured in patients who underwent PCI with DES for coronary artery lesions. All patients were followed and reassessed after three months from the index procedure. Exercise Tolerance Test(ETT) was performed on every patient and recorded on proforma. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 16.Results:A total of 376 patients were included prospectively in this study. The mean age was 57±9.313 years. Male patients were 271(72.1%). Mean length of drug eluting stent was 27.313±7.235 mm while mean diameter of stent was 2.90±0.2483mm. There were slightly higher rates of MI, U.A and positive ETT in the longest stent length tertile(>28mm) compared with the shortest stent length tertile (<22mm) at three months, but they were statistically not significant. We also observed that for DES, there was no clear relationship between stent diameter and outcome for any of the clinical outcome variables.Conclusion:In our single-center prospective study, stent length and diameter defined in tertiles, had no impact on the short-term clinical outcomes of DES in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

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The under consideration study focuses on synthesis and characterization of Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. Nanosized Nickel oxide powder was successfully synthesized using a simple and low cast sol-gel method. This method is environment friendly requiring no expensive chemicals and is time saving. The sol-gel method was accompanied by the formation of precipitates which were dried and calcined at 550 o C to get nickel oxide nanoparticles. The synthesized nanopowder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX).

Objective: To study the Peacekeeping Stress syndrome and see its relationship with various demographic variables (age, years of service and marital status). Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out on Pakistani Peacekeepers who were deployed in Democratic Republic of Congo in Jun 2019. Methodology: About 536 Pakistani male peacekeepers with mean age of 33 years, deployed in Democratic Republic of Congo were taken as study sample. By group testing method, all participants were assessed through Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Urdu version and demographic form consisted of age, marital status, education, years of service and rank. Results: Results revealed that DASS-21 has good reliability (α=0.71) for the present sample and prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among Pakistani peacekeepers was low (2.9%, 4% and 4% respectively). Further to it, there was significant negative correlation of depression and stress with the age and years of service whereas relationship of anxiety with these variables (age and years of service) was non-significant. There were significant mean differences between the married and unmarried peacekeepers on Anxiety and Stress and non-significant on depression. Conclusion: Present study provided useful information regarding the mental health of peacekeepers and highlighted the fact that Pakistani peacekeepers are resilient enough to handle the challenges of international environment.

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Objective: To determine the frequency of in-hospital mortality in patients with high NLR presenting with STEMI. Methodology: Consecutive patients with STEMI and high NLR presenting at Cardiology department, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar were evaluated for our study. Out of the 236 patients admitted from 1st September 2015 to 28th February 2016, 191 patients qualified for study inclusion. NLR was calculated by dividing the total number of neutrophils over the total number of lymphocytes obtained via a computerized heamogram. A high NLR was defined as value >4.7. In hospital mortality and the effect of various class of patients with or without conventional risk factors was assessed. Results: The mean high NLR in study population was 6.38±1.28. In-hospital mortality due to cardiac cause was 12% (n=23) which included 8.37% (n=16) males. Statistically significant higher values of mean high NLR were found to be associated with in-hospital mortality and presence of conventional risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, and smoking with the exception of hypercholesterolemia. Among the patients who died, more had adverse events in form of higher Killip class and arrythmias. Conclusion: High NLR has fair prognostic value in patients presenting with acute STEMI. Raised values correlate well with the presence of conventional risk factors which increase the risk of post MI adverse events and appears additive to conventional risk factors and biomarkers. Key Words: ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), Total leucocyte count (TLC), Coronary artery disease (CAD), Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)