Agradecimentos: Ao povo Kamaiurá, que possibilitou a realização do presente estudo. Aos agentes indígenas de saúde e auxiliares de enfermagem indígenas pela participação no trabalho de campo. Nota: Este artigo foi produzido no contexto da cooperação UNESCO/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Processo 914 BRA 3002 VIGISUS. As opiniões aqui expressas são de responsabilidade dos autores e não refletem necessariamente a visão da UNESCO sobre o assunto. ResumoEste estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional, incluindo a prevalência de anemia, de crianças Kamaiurá, povo indíge-na do Alto Xingu, Brasil Central. Foram estudadas 112 crianças menores de dez anos de idade em 2000/2001. O perfil do crescimento infantil foi descrito segundo a distribuição dos índices altura/idade e peso/altura expressos em escore-z da população de referência do National Center of Health Statistics -NCHS. Os diagnósticos de déficit de altura e da relação peso/altura e o diagnóstico de obesidade corresponderam, respectivamente, aos valores abaixo de -2 escores-z de altura/idade e peso/altura e aos valores acima de 2 escores-z de peso/altura. O diagnóstico de anemia foi determinado a partir de concentrações de hemoglobina sérica inferiores a 11 g/dl para crianças entre seis meses e cinco anos de idade e inferiores a 11,5 g/dl para as crianças com idade entre cinco e dez anos incompletos, conforme recomendação da OMS. Aproximadamente um terço das crianças apresentou déficit de crescimento, enquanto déficit de peso/altura e obesidade não foram diagnosticados entre elas. A anemia esteve presente em mais da metade das crianças índias estudadas, 15% delas apresentando anemia grave. Há necessidade de implementação de ações que visem a melhoria das condições socioambientais, de saúde e nutrição desse povo indígena.

Objectives: To assess the nutritional and body composition of two Brazilian indigenous populations by comparing their nutritional status.Methods: 95 children from Alto Xingu and 69 from Ikpeng were evaluated, ages ranged from 24 to 117 months. The study was performed in the Xingu Indigenous Park. Data collected were: age, weight, height, skin folds, arm circumference, resistance and reactance. The z-scores were calculated and classified according to the parameters defined by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS 2000). Shortness was defined as length or stature below -2, underweight as body mass index below -2, and overweight as body mass index above 2.Results: Among children from Alto Xingu, the prevalence of shortness was 8.4%, while among Ikpengs the prevalence was 37.7% (p < 0.001). Underweight was diagnosed in 12.5% of Ikpengs children. Values of fat-free mass were greater for children from Alto Xingu and no case of obesity was found. Conclusion:In this study, Ikpengs children showed higher incidences of short stature and low weight than the Altoxingus children. Data regarding body composition have greater values among children from Alto Xingu, thus we conclude that nutritional status among children from Alto Xingu is better than the one found among the Ikpengs children.

Despite the proximity between indigenous groups in the Upper

Objective: to evaluate the nutritional status and estimate body composition of Indian children from Xingu Indigenous Park (XIP), rain forest Amazon region, by using anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance (BI) tests.Methods: one hundred and sixty-four Indian children (89 girls and 75 boys) of unknown age were evaluated by means of anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. Weight and height were used to calculate z-score for weight-for-height (W/H) index. Two equations based on the resistance values obtained from the bioelectrical impedance were used to determine body composition. The values obtained were compared to standard reference.Results: z-score median for weigh-for-height index was 0.59 (boys) and 0.46 (girls) (P=0.27), respectively. Among the children studied only 1.8% showed z-score W/H <-2 standard deviations (SD), and 3% showed z-score W/H >2 SD. Mean resistance values were 625.4+/-79.2 Ohms (girls) and 588.8+/-68.9 Ohms (boys) (P<0.01). The percentage of body composition values obtained for girls were 14.2% fat mass (FM) and 85.8% fat-free mass (FFM), and 11.7% (FM) and 88.3% (FFM). The values for the boys were 14.9% (FM) and 85.1% (FFM), and 10.3% (FM) and 89.7% (FFM).Conclusions: there were low rates of obesity and malnutrition, what leads us to believe that the nutritional status among the Indian children from XIP has been kept in good standard along the last three decades, even under some degree of the Western culture influence. The Indians body composition enhanced the good nutritional status among the studied population. BI played an important role in the estimation of body composition in this field study. ResumoObjetivo: determinar o estado nutricional e estimar a composição corporal de crianças índias do Parque Nacional do Xingu, associando antropometria e impedância bioelétrica.Casuística e métodos: foram avaliadas 164 crianças índias (89 meninas e 75 meninos), com idade desconhecida, por meio da antropometria e da mensuração da impedância bioelétrica. A partir das medidas de peso e estatura, chegou-se ao escore z do indicador de peso/estatura. Para as estimativas da composição corporal, foram utilizadas duas equações baseadas nos valores da resistência obtidos pela impedância bioelétrica. Os dados obtidos foram comparados com valores de referência internacionalmente aceitos.Resultados: a mediana do escore z do indicador peso/estatura foi 0,59 (meninos) e 0,46 (meninas) (p=0,27), respectivamente. No grupo estudado, apenas 1,8% apresentou escore z menor que -2 desvios-padrão, e 3% apresentou escore z maior que 2 desviospadrão. A média dos valores da resistência bioelétrica encontrados foram: 625,4±79,2 Ohms (meninas), e 588,8±68,9 Ohms (meninos) (p<0,01). Os valores percentuais da composição corporal calculados para meninas foram: 14,2% massa corporal gordurosa (MCG) e 85,8% massa magra (MM) e 11,7% MCG e 88,3% MM. Para os meninos, obtiveram-se os seguintes valores: 14,9% MCG e 85,1% MM, e 10,3% MCG e 89,7% MM.Conclusões: os resultados mostram baixas taxas de desnutrição atual e o...

OBJETIVO:Desnutrição constitui uma frequente complicação em crianças portadoras de doença renal, sendo a baixa estatura o principal sinal clínico. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o estado nutricional de crianças portadoras de doença renal por meio da antropometria. MÉTODOS:Estudo transversal que avaliou 21 (43%) meninos e 28 (57%) meninas, com idades entre 5,3 e 19,5 anos. As crianças foram divididas em três grupos, de acordo com o clearance (mL/min/1,73m2): Grupo 1, clearance >37 (n=19); Grupo 2, entre 15 e 37 (n=9) e Grupo 3 com clearance <15 (n=21). A partir do peso e da estatura, calcularam-se os seguintes indicadores: Peso/Idade (P/I), Estatura/Idade (E/I) e índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e obtiveram-se os escores Z respectivos. Escores Z menores que -2 foram considerados desnutrição. Os grupos foram comparados por ANOVA. RESULTADOS:Não se evidenciaram diferenças entre os grupos no que diz respeito aos dados antropométricos. 19 pacientes (38,8%) apresentaram baixa estatura e 22 (44,8%), baixo peso. Também não se observaram diferenças entre os grupos quando comparados pelos valores dos indicadores P/I, E/I e IMC. Os valores dos escores Z para os indicadores P/I, E/I e IMC foram: P/I - Grupo 1: -1,9±1,8; Grupo 2: -2,6±3,1; Grupo 3: -2,5±1,4 (p=0,47); E/I - Grupo 1: -1,5±1,2; Grupo 2: -2,3±1,8; Grupo 3: -2,1±1,1 (p=0,18) e IMC - Grupo 1: -1,2±1,4; Grupo 2: -1,7±3,9; Grupo 3: -1,6±1,3 (p=0,82). CONCLUSÕES: A amostra estudada apresentou alta prevalência de desnutrição. Mesmo considerando-se o estágio da doença, não se encontraram diferenças significativas entre os grupos.

PURPOSE:To perform a cost analysis of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) in a Brazilian hospital. METHODS:Between January 2008 and December 2011, 105 consecutive SPKTs at the Hospital of Kidney and Hypertension in Sao Paulo were evaluated. We evaluated the patient demographics, payment source (public health system or supplementary system), and the impact of each hospital cost component. The evaluated costs were corrected to December 2011 values and converted to US dollars. RESULTS:Of the 105 SPKT patients, 61.9% were men, and 38.1% were women. Eight patients died, and 97 were discharged (92.4%).Eighty-nine procedures were funded by the public health system. The cost for the patients who were discharged was $18.352.27; the cost for the deceased patients was $18.449.96 (p = 0.79). The FOR for SPKT during this period was positive at $5,620.65. The costs were distributed as follows: supplies, 36%; administrative costs, 20%; physician fees, 15%; intensive care unit, 10%; surgical center, 10%; ward, 9%. CONCLUSION:Mortality did not affect costs, and supplies were the largest cost component.

Objective: to evaluate the nutritional status and estimate body composition of Indian children from Xingu Indigenous Park (XIP), rain forest Amazon region, by using anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance (BI) tests. Methods: one hundred and sixty-four Indian children (89 girls and 75 boys) of unknown age were evaluated by means of anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. Weight and height were used to calculate z-score for weight-for-height (W/H) index. Two equations based on the resistance values obtained from the bioelectrical impedance were used to determine body composition. The values obtained were compared to standard reference. Results: z-score median for weigh-for-height index was 0.59 (boys) and 0.46 (girls) (P=0.27), respectively. Among the children studied only 1.8% showed z-score W/H <-2 standard deviations (SD), and 3% showed z-score W/H >2 SD. Mean resistance values were 625.4+/-79.2 Ohms (girls) and 588.8+/-68.9 Ohms (boys) (P<0.01). The percentage of body composition values obtained for girls were 14.2% fat mass (FM) and 85.8% fat-free mass (FFM), and 11.7% (FM) and 88.3% (FFM). The values for the boys were 14.9% (FM) and 85.1% (FFM), and 10.3% (FM) and 89.7% (FFM). Conclusions: there were low rates of obesity and malnutrition, what leads us to believe that the nutritional status among the Indian children from XIP has been kept in good standard along the last three decades, even under some degree of the Western culture influence. The Indians body composition enhanced the good nutritional status among the studied population. BI played an important role in the estimation of body composition in this field study.

Reference values for bone mass in young athletes need to be used for screening purposes, and country/regional reference values should be used to improve precision of comparisons. The aim of the present study was to develop reference values for bone health variables in Brazilian young athletes. The bone mass content (BMC), bone mass density (BMD), and total body less head (TBLH) BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were measured in 702 young athletes (327 men and 375 women) aged 8.5–18.5 years, divided into 5 groups, according to their age: group 1 (8.5–10.5 years), group 2 (10.6–12.5 years), group 3 (12.6–14.5 years), group 4 (14.6–16.5 years), and group 5 (16.6–18.5 years). Comparisons between the sexes and ages were performed and age-sex-smoothed reference values were constructed. Male athletes presented high BMC and BMD than female athletes in age groups 3, 4, and 5 (p < 0.005) and high TBLH BMD than female athletes in age groups 4 and 5 (p < 0.005). Reference values, including the percentiles are presented for the bone health variables of each sex and age group. The age-, sex-, and ethnic-specific reference data for bone variables presented in this study enabled more precise reference data for young Brazilian athletes. These data may assist in monitoring changes during an athletes’ growth and different phases of athletic training.