Escherichia coli strains that cause nonbloody diarrhea in infants are known to present three distinct patterns of adherence to epithelial cells, namely, localized (LA), diffuse (DA), and aggregative (AA) adherence. Strains with LA (typical EnteropathogenicEscherichia coli [EPEC]) are well recognized as a cause of secretory diarrhea, but the role of strains with DA (DAEC) is controversial, and strains with AA (EAEC) have been more frequently related to persistent diarrhea whereas its relationship with acute diarrhea is not well defined. To determine the relationship of the different types of E. coli adherence patterns with acute diarrhea (lasting less than 14 days) and persistent diarrhea (lasting more than 14 days) in São Paulo, Brazil, we studied stool specimens from 40 infants under 1 year of age with diarrhea and 40 age-matched control infants without any gastrointestinal symptoms. Twenty-eight (35.0%) of eighty cases yielded adherent E. coli (HEp-2 cells). Strains with localized and aggregative adherence were associated with acute and persistent diarrhea. A total of 11.2% of the adherent strains were typical EPEC serotypes and hybridized with the enteroadherence factor probe; 5.0% were EAEC and hybridized with the EAEC probe. DAEC strains were isolated from 10.0% of patients and 7.5% of controls and did not hybridize with the two probes used (daaC and AIDA-I). Strains with a localized adherence-like pattern (atypical EPEC) were found significantly more frequently (P = 0.028) in cultures from children with diarrhea (17.5%) than in controls (2.5%).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the breath hydrogen test in the diagnosis of small intestine bacterial overgrowth associated with asymptomatic environmental enteropathy in children living in an urban slum. Fifty school-age children living in a slum and 50 children who attended a private health clinic in the same town were included in the study. Breath hydrogen test was carried out after the administration of lactulose or glucose on two different days. Bacterial overgrowth was diagnosed when the hydrogen concentration increased more than 20 ppm in a sample collected for up to 60 min. Production of hydrogen was greater after the ingestion of lactulose than after the ingestion of glucose. Bacterial overgrowth was noted in 37.5% of the children living in the slum and in 2.1% of the control group (P<0.001). The children living in the slum presented a higher proportion of bacterial overgrowth when lactulose was used in the breath hydrogen test.
Objectives: To assess the nutritional and body composition of two Brazilian indigenous populations by comparing their nutritional status.Methods: 95 children from Alto Xingu and 69 from Ikpeng were evaluated, ages ranged from 24 to 117 months. The study was performed in the Xingu Indigenous Park. Data collected were: age, weight, height, skin folds, arm circumference, resistance and reactance. The z-scores were calculated and classified according to the parameters defined by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS 2000). Shortness was defined as length or stature below -2, underweight as body mass index below -2, and overweight as body mass index above 2.Results: Among children from Alto Xingu, the prevalence of shortness was 8.4%, while among Ikpengs the prevalence was 37.7% (p < 0.001). Underweight was diagnosed in 12.5% of Ikpengs children. Values of fat-free mass were greater for children from Alto Xingu and no case of obesity was found. Conclusion:In this study, Ikpengs children showed higher incidences of short stature and low weight than the Altoxingus children. Data regarding body composition have greater values among children from Alto Xingu, thus we conclude that nutritional status among children from Alto Xingu is better than the one found among the Ikpengs children.
INTRODUÇÃOSegundo dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), a prevalência de comprometimento grave do crescimento em países em desenvolvimento tem diminuído progressivamente de 47% em 1980 para 33% em 2000. Cerca de um terço de todas as crianças com idade inferior a 5 anos apresentam comprometimento grave do crescimento, sendo que 70% vivem na Ásia, 26% na África e 4% na América Latina e Caribe 1 . O "stunting" nutricional na infância, um indicador de desnutrição crônica, tem sido sugerido como um fator que contribui para altas taxas de obesidade em adolescentes e adultos de países em desenvolvimento 2 . A comparação de estudos realizados nos períodos de 1974/ 75 e 1995/96 sobre a prevalência de desnutrição e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes, mostra que em nosso país a desnutrição diminuiu de 14,8% para 8,6%, sendo que a obesidade aumentou de 4,1% para 13,9%3 . Assim, a progressão da transição nutricional caracterizada por redução na prevalência dos déficits nutricionais e a ocorrência mais expressiva de sobrepeso e obesidade têm sido observadas em sociedades em desenvolvimento que experimentam rápidas e intensas transformações de crescimento econômico e de estrutura demográfica 4 . EST RESULTADOS.Foram maiores o peso corporal, circunferência do braço, dobras cutâneas do tríceps e subescapular, resistência elétrica, escores Z da área do braço, área muscular do braço e percentual de gordura corporal no sexo feminino em relação ao masculino. Baixa estatura foi encontrada em 8% das meninas e 5,6% dos meninos, sem diferença quanto ao gênero. Houve menor prevalência de desnutrição (2% das meninas e 5,6% nos meninos), do que de sobrepeso e obesidade (30% e 11,2%, respectivamente). Observou-se anemia em 24,4% e ferropenia em 10,5% dos escolares com ou sem anemia. Apresentaram valores abaixo do limite inferior do padrão de referência para cobre e zinco séricos, respectivamente três e sete indivíduos. CONCLUSÃO. Na população estudada, de baixo nível econômico e institucionalizada, ocorre o processo de transição nutricional e alta prevalência de anemia que não resulta da interação ferro, cobre e zinco.UNITERMOS: Estado nutricional. Composição corporal. Ferro. Cobre. Zinco.O uso de índices antropométricos tem sido uma estratégia válida para gerar indicadores sensíveis do estado nutricional, tendo como objetivo determinar a massa corporal, expressa pelo peso; as dimensões lineares, especialmente a estatura; e a composição corporal (a gordura subcutânea e a massa muscular). Seus resultados podem refletir, também, a condição de vida dos grupos populacionais estudados 5 . Além do déficit pôndero-estatural e da vulnerabilidade às doenças infecto-parasitárias, a desnutrição, quer por insuficiência quer por excesso, se correlaciona com outras carências nutricionais como de micronutrientes.A anemia por deficiência de ferro é atualmente o problema nutricional mais prevalente, afetando cerca de 1,3 bilhão de pessoas, com aumento da sua prevalência e morbidade em crianças e adolescentes do sexo feminino 6 . Diferencia-se de o...
Objective: to evaluate the nutritional status and estimate body composition of Indian children from Xingu Indigenous Park (XIP), rain forest Amazon region, by using anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance (BI) tests.Methods: one hundred and sixty-four Indian children (89 girls and 75 boys) of unknown age were evaluated by means of anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. Weight and height were used to calculate z-score for weight-for-height (W/H) index. Two equations based on the resistance values obtained from the bioelectrical impedance were used to determine body composition. The values obtained were compared to standard reference.Results: z-score median for weigh-for-height index was 0.59 (boys) and 0.46 (girls) (P=0.27), respectively. Among the children studied only 1.8% showed z-score W/H <-2 standard deviations (SD), and 3% showed z-score W/H >2 SD. Mean resistance values were 625.4+/-79.2 Ohms (girls) and 588.8+/-68.9 Ohms (boys) (P<0.01). The percentage of body composition values obtained for girls were 14.2% fat mass (FM) and 85.8% fat-free mass (FFM), and 11.7% (FM) and 88.3% (FFM). The values for the boys were 14.9% (FM) and 85.1% (FFM), and 10.3% (FM) and 89.7% (FFM).Conclusions: there were low rates of obesity and malnutrition, what leads us to believe that the nutritional status among the Indian children from XIP has been kept in good standard along the last three decades, even under some degree of the Western culture influence. The Indians body composition enhanced the good nutritional status among the studied population. BI played an important role in the estimation of body composition in this field study. ResumoObjetivo: determinar o estado nutricional e estimar a composição corporal de crianças índias do Parque Nacional do Xingu, associando antropometria e impedância bioelétrica.Casuística e métodos: foram avaliadas 164 crianças índias (89 meninas e 75 meninos), com idade desconhecida, por meio da antropometria e da mensuração da impedância bioelétrica. A partir das medidas de peso e estatura, chegou-se ao escore z do indicador de peso/estatura. Para as estimativas da composição corporal, foram utilizadas duas equações baseadas nos valores da resistência obtidos pela impedância bioelétrica. Os dados obtidos foram comparados com valores de referência internacionalmente aceitos.Resultados: a mediana do escore z do indicador peso/estatura foi 0,59 (meninos) e 0,46 (meninas) (p=0,27), respectivamente. No grupo estudado, apenas 1,8% apresentou escore z menor que -2 desvios-padrão, e 3% apresentou escore z maior que 2 desviospadrão. A média dos valores da resistência bioelétrica encontrados foram: 625,4±79,2 Ohms (meninas), e 588,8±68,9 Ohms (meninos) (p<0,01). Os valores percentuais da composição corporal calculados para meninas foram: 14,2% massa corporal gordurosa (MCG) e 85,8% massa magra (MM) e 11,7% MCG e 88,3% MM. Para os meninos, obtiveram-se os seguintes valores: 14,9% MCG e 85,1% MM, e 10,3% MCG e 89,7% MM.Conclusões: os resultados mostram baixas taxas de desnutrição atual e o...
Objective:To evaluate the impact of traditional check-up appointment on the progression of the cardiovascular risk throughout time.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 11,126 medical records of asymptomatic executives who were evaluated between January, 2005 and October, 2008. Variables included participants’ demographics characteristics, smoking habit, history of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, dyslipidemia, total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides, glucose, c-reactive protein, waist circumference, hepatic steatosis, Framingham score, metabolic syndrome, level of physical activity, stress, alcohol consumption, and body mass index.Results:A total of 3,150 patients was included in the final analysis. A worsening was observed in all risk factors, excepting in smoking habit, incidence of myocardial infarction or stroke and in the number of individuals classified as medium or high risk for cardiovascular events. In addition, a decrease in stress level and alcohol consumption was also seen.Conclusion:The adoption of consistent health policies by companies is imperative in order to reduce the risk factors and the future costs associated with illness and absenteeism.
PURPOSE:To perform a cost analysis of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) in a Brazilian hospital. METHODS:Between January 2008 and December 2011, 105 consecutive SPKTs at the Hospital of Kidney and Hypertension in Sao Paulo were evaluated. We evaluated the patient demographics, payment source (public health system or supplementary system), and the impact of each hospital cost component. The evaluated costs were corrected to December 2011 values and converted to US dollars. RESULTS:Of the 105 SPKT patients, 61.9% were men, and 38.1% were women. Eight patients died, and 97 were discharged (92.4%).Eighty-nine procedures were funded by the public health system. The cost for the patients who were discharged was $18.352.27; the cost for the deceased patients was $18.449.96 (p = 0.79). The FOR for SPKT during this period was positive at $5,620.65. The costs were distributed as follows: supplies, 36%; administrative costs, 20%; physician fees, 15%; intensive care unit, 10%; surgical center, 10%; ward, 9%. CONCLUSION:Mortality did not affect costs, and supplies were the largest cost component.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
334 Leonard St
Brooklyn, NY 11211
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.